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The Rise and Challenges of Autonomous Military Machines in Warfare

This document explores the evolution of autonomous military machines from World War II to the present, underscoring the role of DARPA in advancing technology. It categorizes military robots into ground, aerial, marine, and fixed categories, detailing their capabilities and functions. The discussion also addresses moral, legal, and ethical considerations surrounding the deployment of such machines, particularly around accountability for their use in armed conflict. Finally, it notes the implications of autonomous decision-making in warfare and the ongoing debates regarding their efficacy and humanitarian impact.

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The Rise and Challenges of Autonomous Military Machines in Warfare

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  1. Autonomous Machines By: Tyler Roberts

  2. History • Started in WWII and the Cold War • Now several military robots have been/are being deployed and developed by the armies of many countries. • Many of this new technology can be credited to DARPA.

  3. Types of Military Autonomous Machines • Ground Robots • Aerial Robots • Marine Robots • Immobile/Fixed Robots

  4. Types of Military Autonomous Machines • Land/Ground mobility uses legs, treads, wheels, snake-like locomotion, and hopping. • Flying robots are known to use propellers, jet engines, and wings. • Underwater robots usually resemble submarines or boats when used above water. • Some vehicles capable of moving in more than one medium or terrain have been built.

  5. Ground Robots • These small vehicles can/may be carried by a soldier in a backpack such as the PackBot. • Typical armed robot vehicles are: • Talon SWORDS • MAARS

  6. Aerial Robots • Unmanned flying vehicles (UAV’s) • Reconnaissance while being unmanned, and carrying cargo/weapons • Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) can carry a camera for reconnaissance, serving the same purpose as UAV’s but on a micro scale.

  7. Marine Robots • Surface ships as well as Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) • Surveillance, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine combat • LMRS uses two sonar systems, an advanced computer and its own inertial navigation system to survey the ocean floor for up to 60 hours.

  8. Immobile/Fixed Robots • Both on land and on ships • The Navy’s Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS). CIWS is a rapid-fire 20mm gun system designed to protect ships at close range from missiles which have penetrated other defenses

  9. Moral/Legal/and Ethical Issues • Arguments over the legal and ethical legitimacy of particular weapons poison as a weapon in war, for example, or the crossbow go back very far in the history of warfare. • Who is responsible if the use of an autonomous weapon results in a violation of international humanitarian law?

  10. Moral/Legal/and Ethical Issues • Predator and Reaper unmanned drones • The success rates of these drones are very questionable. Below is a summary of US drone strikes as of January 2014: Total strikes: 381 Total reported killed: 2,537 - 3,646 Civilians reported killed: 416 - 951 Children reported killed: 168 - 200 Total reported injured: 1,128 - 1,557

  11. Conclusion • Autonomous robots both on and off the battlefield will need to make choices in the course of fulfilling their missions • Potentially harmful consequences for humans and other agents worthy of moral consideration • Implementing moral decision-making faculties within robots will proceed slowly

  12. References • http://ethics.calpoly.edu/ONR_report.pdf • http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/Anderson-Waxman_LawAndEthics_r2_FINAL.pdf • http://www.academia.edu/202045/The_Ambiguous_Ethical_Status_of_Autonomous_Robots • http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/faq/q-and-a-autonomous-weapons.htm • http://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2009/aug/19/autonomous-machines-systems-report • http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/releases/shownews.htm?NewsID=511 • http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf • http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Kastan.pdf • http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/403762/the-ascent-of-the-robotic-attack-jet/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper • http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/business/17uav.html?hp&_r=0 • http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2014/02/03/january-2014-update-us-covert-actions-in-pakistan-yemen-and-somalia/ • http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/03/drone-strikes-interactive-visualization-pitch

  13. Questions?

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