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Earth's History and Evolution: Essential Concepts and Techniques

Explore must-know words and concepts in earth's history, from absolute and relative age to geological evolution, monitoring from space, and mapping techniques. Learn about radioactive dating, subduction, fault lines, remote sensing, and more.

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Earth's History and Evolution: Essential Concepts and Techniques

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Presentation Transcript

  1. “MUST KNOW” WORDS

  2. Earth’s History • Absolute Age- tells the absolute age of the rock or fossil or how long ago an event occurred • Relative Age- describes the age of an object or event in comparison to another object or event • Radioactive Dating- is a means of measuring the age of a material by comparing the amount of a radioactive form of an element in a rock or fossil • Law of Superposition-states that in undisturbed rock layers, older layers of rock lie beneath younger rock layers • Unconformity- a discontinuity in rock sequence indicating interruption of sedimentation, commonly accompanied by erosion of rocks below the break.

  3. Evidence of Geological Evolution • Subduction-occurs when two oceanic plates collide causing one plate to be pushed under the other • Lava-magma that reaches Earths surface • Fault- a break in Earths surface along which movement occurs • Hot Spot- an area of volcanic activity in the middle of a plate • Weathering- the process in which rocks are broken down • Mechanical Weathering- breaks rocks apart without changing their chemical composition • Chemical Weathering- changes the chemical composition of rocks as they are broken down

  4. Monitoring Earth From Space • Electromagnetic Wave- a wave that transfers energy through a field and does not require matter to transfer its energy • Electromagnetic Spectrum- refers to all types of electromagnetic waves that vary based on wavelength • Reflective Curve- a graph that shows how a type of matter reflects visible, infrared or other wavelengths of light • Spectral Analysis- the study of how matter on Earth reflects light using satellite images

  5. Maps and Remote Sensing • Ground Truthing- the process of verifying a mapped area to confirm that the maps/ images of an area represent the actual terrain of the area • Remote Sensing- the process of using satellites to collect information about a certain area without actually visiting the area • Urban Sprawl- the spreading out of a city into rural areas • Lithosphere- the solid portion of Earth’s crust that is broken into large sections called tectonic plates • Asthenosphere- the partially melted layer of rock that is just beneath the lithosphere that has convection currents which power tectonic movement

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