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The Cold War Begins A WAR OF IDEAS

The Cold War Begins A WAR OF IDEAS. Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin. Division of Germany. Divided between United States, Great Britain, France in the west, Soviet Union in the east (Berlin divided within Soviet side)

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The Cold War Begins A WAR OF IDEAS

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  1. The Cold War BeginsA WAR OF IDEAS Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin

  2. Division of Germany • Divided between United States, Great Britain, France in the west, Soviet Union in the east (Berlin divided within Soviet side) • SU wanted to keep Germany weak and divided, others wanted Germany rebuilt – Why? • By 1948, USA, GB and France unite west, SU in east stands alone

  3. Potsdam Conference - Germany, July 1945 • Big Three – Harry S. Truman (USA), Clement Attlee (GB), Joseph Stalin (SU) • Stalin – wants communism in Europe / Truman and Attlee democracy • Stalin wanted to strip Germany of its industry to rebuild Soviet Union • No agreement reached - Each country would take reparations from the side each occupied

  4. What to do about Stalin? • Satellite nations– depended upon and dominated by SU, assets used to rebuild SU • Stalin speech: communism and capitalism could not work together, he put efforts into military weapons not consumer goods – why is this bad? • Truman did not want to “baby the Soviets”

  5. Containment • Containment – Feb. 1946, created by American diplomat in Moscow, George F. Kennan, block Soviets’ by creating alliances and supporting weaker countries • Eventually Soviet and US influence would spread to Asia, Africa and Latin America

  6. Truman Doctrine • March 12, 1947, Truman asked Congress for $400 million – economic aid for Turkey and Greece (support democracy) • Truman wanted to support those who resisted takeovers • Opponents of Doctrine feared • that the US was interfering too much • that US could be spreading itself too thin • helping any dictators even if they were anti-Communist was wrong • Congress complied – fearing spread of communism

  7. Marshall Plan – European Recovery Program • June 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the US provide economic aid to Europe - $12.5 billion – Congress debates • Feb. 1948, Soviets take Czechoslovakia – Congress complies with Marshall Plan • By 1952, much of Western Europe flourishes, communism loses appeal

  8. Berlin Airlift June 24, 1948 – May 12, 1949 • SU had cut off all highway, water and rail traffic into western zones of Berlin, hoping to force Western nations to surrender control • 2.1 million citizens would run out of food and fuel in 5 weeks • 327 days, 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies – West Berlin survives • the Berlin Airlift boosted American prestige / hurt Soviet prestige

  9. NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – April 4, 1949 • Soviet aggression feared worldwide • 10 European nations (Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal + US and Canada) create a defensive military alliance • USA (first time) had entered a military alliance during peace time

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