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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Crimes against Children. Extent of the Problem. Since 1986, the number of children who are reported to be abused, neglected and endangered every year has nearly doubled to almost 1 million each year.

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Crimes against Children

  2. Extent of the Problem • Since 1986, the number of children who are reported to be abused, neglected and endangered every year has nearly doubled to almost 1 million each year. • In 2000, 3 million referrals concerning five million children were made to CPS (Child Protective Services).

  3. Types of Crimes Against Children • Kidnapping • Abandonment • Neglect • Exploitation • Physical Abuse • Emotional Abuse • Incest • Sexual Assault

  4. Terminology • Minor: A child under the age of 16 or 18 • Sexual Seduction: Sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus or fellatio committed by a non-minor with a consenting minor. • Molestation: Any act motivated by unnatural or abnormal sexual interest in minors that would reasonably be expected to disturb, irritate or offend the victim.

  5. Effects of Child Abuse • Emotional and Behavior Disorders • Teen Pregnancy • Prostitution • Substance Abuse • Delinquency and Criminality

  6. Challenges in Investigating Crimes Against Children • The need to protect the child from further harm • The possibility of parental involvement • The difficulty of interviewing children • Credibility Concerns • The need to collaborate with other agencies

  7. Justifications for Placing a Child in Protective Custody • The child’s age, or physical or mental condition makes the child incapable of self-protection. • The home’s physical environment poses an immediate threat to the child. • The child needs immediate medical or psychiatric care. • The parents cannot or will not provide for the child’s basic needs. • Maltreatment in the home could permanently damage the child physically or emotionally. • The parents may abandon the child.

  8. Children LieMotivations for Lying • Revenge • Efforts to Avoid School • Parental Disapproval • Efforts to cover-up other Disapproved Behavior • Attempt to explain a pregnancy or abortion

  9. Evidence of Child Abuse and Neglect Cases • Home Conditions • Clothing • Bruises • Medical Examination Report • Photographs • Ropes or Tapes • Trace Evidence: Hair and Semen

  10. Physical Indicators of Child Neglect and Abuse • Frequent Hunger • Poor Hygiene • Inappropriate Dress • Consistent Lack of Supervision • Unattended Physical Problems or Medical Needs • Abandonment

  11. Behavioral Indicators of Child Neglect and Abuse • Begging • Stealing Food • Extending School Days • Constant fatigue • Poor Performance in School • Truancy • Alcohol and/or Drug Abuse • Delinquency: Stealing • Stating there is no one at home to care for them

  12. Emotional Indicators of Child Neglect and Abuse • Speech disorders • Lags in Physical Development • General Failure to Thrive

  13. Physical Abuse Indicators • Unexplained Bruises or Welts • Burns • Fractures • Lacerations • Abrasions

  14. Behavioral Indicators of Physical Abuse • Being wary of Adults • Being apprehensive when other children cry • Extreme aggressiveness or withdrawal • Being frightened of parents • Being afraid to go home

  15. Parental Indicators of Physical Abuse • Contradictory explanations for a child’s injury • Attempts to conceal a child’s injury • Routine use of harsh, unreasonable discipline inappropriate to the child’s age • Poor impulse control

  16. Physical Indicators of Sexual Abuse • Difficulty Urinating • Irritation or bruising of the genital area • Venereal disease • Pregnancies

  17. Behavioral Indicators of Sexual Abuse • Unwillingness to change clothes at school • Withdrawal, fantasy or infantile behavior • Bizarre sexual behavior • Poor peer relationships • Delinquent or runaway • Reports of being sexually assaulted

  18. The Suspect in abuse or neglect of children under five • Father 32% • Mother 30% • Male acquaintance 23% • Other relatives 6% • Stranger 3%

  19. Munchausen Syndrome • Munchausen Syndrome involves self-induced or self-inflected injuries. • Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is a form of child abuse in which a parent (usually the mother) deliberately provides false medical histories, manufactures evidence and causes medical distress in a child.

  20. Other Non-criminal Explanations of Injuries • Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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