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The Transformation of Modernity: Insights from Péguy and Early 20th Century Art

In 1913, French writer Charles Péguy observed profound changes in the world, noting a striking difference from the era of Jesus Christ. This reflection offers a lens to examine the rapid developments of the early 20th century, characterized by technological innovations, artistic movements, and cultural shifts. Works by artists like Umberto Boccioni and Wassily Kandinsky capture this evolving landscape. Their art embodies the complexities of modernity, responding to a world radically altered by industrialization and new ideologies, which suggest that the essence of humanity is constantly in flux.

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The Transformation of Modernity: Insights from Péguy and Early 20th Century Art

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  1. In 1913 French writer Charles Péguy wrote …the world has changed less since the time of Jesus Christ than it has in the last thirty years. What kind of changes do you think he was referring to?

  2. Contextual Studies 4 Modernity and Modernism

  3. Eiffel Tower under construction

  4. 1854 painting of The Crystal Palace

  5. Interior of The Crystal Palace, 1851

  6. Aerial view (from Eiffel Tower)

  7. Andre Derain, In the Mountains,

  8. First Machine Age: 1908 GEC ad for electric grill

  9. First Machine Age: 1903 vacuum cleaner, via truck

  10. First Machine Age: 1902 vacuum cleaner demonstration

  11. First Machine Age: 1914 vacuum cleaner

  12. First Machine Age: Osram ad, 1920s

  13. First Machine Age: Electric Light warning

  14. First Machine Age: 1927 ad The Electrical Age for Women

  15. Fernand Léger, The Card Players, 1917

  16. Leger, Three Women (Le Grand Dejeuner), 1921

  17. Leger, Mechanical Elements, 1924

  18. FilippoTommaso Marinetti, ‘Manifesto of Futurism’, 1909 We intend to sing the love of danger, the habit of energy and fearlessness. We affirm that the world’s magnificence has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing car whose hood is adorned with great pipes, like serpents of explosive breath – a roaring car that seems to run on shrapnel is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace. For too long has Italy been a dealer in second-hand clothes. We mean to free her from the numberless museums that cover her like so many graveyards. From Art in Theory, pp146-149.

  19. Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises, 1910

  20. EadweardMuybridge photographs, 1880s

  21. Muybridge photographs, 1870s

  22. GiacomoBalla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

  23. GiacomoBalla, Flight of the Swallows, 1913

  24. Boccioni, Dynamism of a Cyclist, 1913

  25. Balla, Abstract Speed and Sound, 1913/14

  26. Pablo Picasso, Still Life with Chair Caning, 1912

  27. Georges Braque, Violin and Candlestick, 1910

  28. Pablo Picasso, Le Torero, 1912

  29. Metropolis directed by Fritz Lang, 1927

  30. Jacob Epstein, TheRock Drill, 1913/14

  31. Wassily Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, 1912 When religion, science, and morality are shaken (the last by the mighty hand of Nietzsche), when the external supports threaten to collapse, then man’s gaze turns away from the external toward himself. Literature, music, and art are the first and most sensitive realms where this spiritual change becomes noticeable in real form….they turn away from the soulless content of modern life, toward materials and environments that give a free hand to the nonmaterial strivings and searchings of the thirsty soul. Extract from Art in Theory, pp82-89, p87/l.1-12

  32. Wassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 19, 1911

  33. Kandinsky, All Saints, 1911

  34. Reading for 04/11: Georges Braque, ‘Thoughts on Painting’ (1917) in Art in Theory, pp.214 & 215 George Grosz ‘My New Pictures, 1921 in Art in Theory, p272-3 And re-read the Matisse text from Session 3

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