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The Progressive Era: Government Reform and Social Change (1890-1920)

Explore the Progressive Era, a transformative period in American history marked by reforms aimed at addressing economic inequality, social injustices, and government corruption. This video delves into key topics, including business and economic reforms like trust-busting, child labor laws, consumer protection, social movements addressing living conditions, and advancements in women's suffrage. Learn how pivotal figures such as Theodore Roosevelt, Jane Addams, Susan B. Anthony, and W.E.B. Du Bois contributed to shaping the modern landscape of American society.

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The Progressive Era: Government Reform and Social Change (1890-1920)

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Progressive Era http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFlOLyMwnjU

  2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION • What is the role of government in balancing personal liberty and the welfare of the nation?

  3. 3 areas of reform: • Business/Economic • Social • Government

  4. 1) Business & Economic Reforms • Monopolies • Working Conditions • Consumer Protection

  5. Monopolies • Railroads: • Interstate Commerce Act (ICC) • TR takes on Northern Securities—and wins • Hepburn Act: limited free passes, gave ICC power to set max rates • Trust-Busting: • Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • TR files 44 antitrust suits

  6. Working Conditions • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdNYqBP_5q4 • Child Labor • http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor/videos#the-fight-to-end-child-labor

  7. LABOR • Child: • National Child Labor Committee • Keating Owen Act: prohibited transportation of goods produced with child labor across state lines • Supreme Court says unconstitutional, but states pass various laws • Women: • Muller v. Oregon: working hours could be limited • All: • Worker’s Compensation: passed in states, nationally by 1916 • Minimum wage: not until 1938

  8. Consumer Protection • Protecting Health • Upton Sinclair : The Jungle • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2ppaJwQ9UM • Meat Inspection Act • Protecting Food • Pure Food and Drug Act • Truth in labeling! • Halted sale contaminated foods and medicine • Creation of Food and Drug Administration

  9. 2) SOCIAL ISSUES: Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/jacob-riis

  10. Living Conditions • Settlement House movement: • Social Gospel movement (salvation through service to the poor) • Jane Addams & Hull House in Chicago 1889: community centers that provided educational, cultural and social services • Literacy, nursing, classes, furniture, food, etc.

  11. Other help: • YMCA • Salvation Army (“slum brigades”) • Florence Kelley (campaigned for improving factory conditions)

  12. PROHIBITION • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (Chicago 1873) • 245,00 members in 1911 • Worked for suffrage • Reached out to immigrants • Carry Nation • Anti-Saloon League • DEMON RUM: “undermining American culture and democracy”

  13. U.S. becomes DRY! • 18th Amendment in 1920…more on that later

  14. 3) Government Reforms • Election reforms • Women’s suffrage • Conservation • Civil Rights issues

  15. Election Reforms • To reduce corruption and improve efficiency • Initiative: voters can propose law on ballot • Referendum: citizens can vote on proposed OR existing law • Recall: voters can remove elected official • Important leader: Robert La Follette (the Wisconsin idea)

  16. Other Reforms: • 16th Amendment: federal income tax • 17th Amendment: direct election of Senators

  17. Women’s Suffrage • Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton: • National American Woman Suffrage Association • First presidential candidate in 1872! • Successes out West (Wyoming, Utah) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSmbNN0C8K8

  18. Success? • 19th Amendment • But not until 1920

  19. Civil Rights • The forgotten reform….. • Booker T. Washington: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07cispyOhWQ&app=desktop • W.E.B. DuBois: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wemGETdjx0w&app=desktop • Lynching: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8Qr62pANjc&app=desktop

  20. End result: African Americans are left out of the Progressive reforms. • WWI soldiers will come back to America and demand protection of rights

  21. Conservation • Theodore Roosevelt • Friends with John Muir • Believed that government should manage lands, preserving some, using some for economic purposes • Established US Forest Service, headed by Gifford Pinchot • Added nearly 150 million acres to national forests

  22. Newlands Reclamation Act • Irrigation projects to make dry lands productive • Roosevelt launched 20 reclamation projects

  23. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • 3 C’s • Consumer protection • Corporate Regulation • Conservation of Natural Resources • Use of the “bully pulpit”

  24. Taft follows Roosevelt • Actually more of a “trust buster” than TR • A split in the Republican party for 1912 election • Taft vs. • Roosevelt’s “Bull Moose” party • RESULT: Democrats win!

  25. Great review to watch tonight! • http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eIJ2n0w48Bc&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DeIJ2n0w48Bc

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