Ch 1 Notes

1. Ch 1 Notes Mr. Russo Beaumont High School

2. Ch 1 Vocab Matrix • Latitude • Longitude • Topographic Map • Contour Line • Contour Interval • Hypothesis • Theory • Core • Mantle • Crust • Atmosphere • Geosphere

3. Objective • We will be able to break down Earth Science into its 4 main parts and describe each part.

4. What is Earth Science • Study of Earth and… • Earth’s neighbors in space

5. Geology • Geology – Study of Earth (what the Earth is made of)

6. In case you were wondering • If you became a geologist you probably will get paid to travel across the whole world to study the different types of rocks etc. • Average $83,000

7. Oceanography • Oceanography – study the composition and movement of water (oceans, lakes, rivers, anything) • Average salary$70,000

8. Meteorology • Meteorology – Study of atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate • Average salary $74,528

9. Astronomy • Astronomy - Study of the universe • Stars and other planets • Average salary $55,000

10. Astronomy is not Astrology

11. Objectives – Ch 1.2 Notes • We will be able to break down the Earth into its interior and exterior components

12. Hydrosphere • Hydrosphere – Water portion of the Earth • All bodies of water (Ocean, lake, river, groundwater, etc) • 71% of Earth’s Surface • 97 % of all water is in the ocean

13. Atmosphere • Atmosphere - Gaseous portion of the planet • The air we breathe and all the gases in the air • Protects us from UV light • Produces all forms of weather

14. Geosphere • Geosphere– Layer of Earth under ocean and the atmosphere (All rock and/or ground)

15. Biosphere • Biosphere - All life on Earth • From the fish at the bottom of the ocean to the birds highest in the sky • Including plants

16. What are the 4 major spheres into which Earth is divided? • Hydrosphere • Atmosphere • Geosphere • Biosphere

17. Objectives • We will be able to break down the Earth into its interior and exterior components

18. What defines the 3 main parts of the Earth • Core • Mantle • Crust

19. Core • Core – Innermost layer of the Earth • Made mostly of Iron and Nickel • Approximately 6000°C

20. Mantle • Mantle – 2nd layer of Earth between the core and the crust • All rock is molten

21. Crust • Crust – Thin Rocky outer layer of Earth • 2 layers – Lithosphere & Asthenosphere

22. Question • If I was doing a study on the Earth’s crust, what would I be studying? • Oceanography • Meteorology • Astronomy • Geology

23. Question • If I was trying to predict weather patterns, what would I be studying? • Oceanography • Meteorology • Astronomy • Geology

24. Question • If I was doing a study on an endangered species, what sphere would I be studying? • Hydrosphere • Biosphere • Atmosphere • Geosphere

25. Question • If I was trying to learn to find new places to find fresh water, what sphere would I be studying? • Hydrosphere • Biosphere • Atmosphere • Geosphere

26. Objectives – Notes 1.3-1.5 (Pg27) • We will be able to determine where cities are on a map using latitude and longitude coordinates

27. What lines on a map are used to indicate location? • Latitude and Longitude

28. Latitude • Latitude – The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees. • LANS

29. Longitude • Longitude – The distance East or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees. • LOWE

30. Prime Meridian / Equator • Equator – 0 degrees latitude • Prime meridian – 0 degrees longitude

31. On White Boards • Using your definition, draw a globe with latitude lines.

32. Objective: Notes 1.3-1.5 (Pg 27) • We will be able to create a 3D map from a 2D topographic map. • We will be able to determine the elevation of certain features on a topographic map using contour lines and contour intervals

33. Topographic Map • Topographic Maps show Earth’s surface in 3 dimensions. They show elevation

34. How do topographic maps differ from other maps? • Topographic Maps show elevation. • Elevation means 3 dimensions • Most maps only show 2 dimensions.

35. Contour Line • Contour Line – A line on a topo map that indicates elevation • Every point on a contour line is the same elevation.

36. Contour Lines Cont’d • If contour lines are CLOSE together, that means the land is very steep. • If contour lines are WIDELY SPACED, the change in elevation is gradual.

37. Contour Interval • Contour Interval – The space in between contour lines. • The contour interval varies based on the map.

38. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory • Hypothesis – A possible Explanation (untested) • Theory – Well tested and widely accepted by the scientific community

39. Examples • Theory of Gravity – Why we fall down • Atomic Theory – What we are made of • Theory of relativity – Einstein’s work • Big Bang Theory – How the universe was formed

40. Topographic Maps

41. What is a Topographic Map? In contrast to most maps, a topographic map shows the shape of the Earth’s surface by using contour lines.

42. Contours are imaginary lines that join points of equal elevation above or below sea level.

43. Let’s take a walk up a hill!

44. We’re now at an elevation of 100 meters. 100m

45. Let’s keep going! 100m

46. Now we’re at 200m. 200m 100m

47. Shall we march on? 200m 100m

48. We’ve made it to 300m! 300m 200m 100m

49. On to the peak! 300m 200m 100m

50. We’re on the peak, but what’s our elevation? 300m 200m 100m