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Understanding Marine Life: A Guide to Organism Classification and Dichotomous Keys

This chapter explores the classification of marine organisms using dichotomous keys as a tool for identification. Ms. Bjelko guides you on how to identify insects and sharks within the marine taxonomy framework. By applying various guidelines, you will learn how to categorize animals based on their characteristics, evolutionary history, and environmental adaptations. The discussion also introduces key concepts like binomial nomenclature and phylogenetic trees, emphasizing the importance of accurate classification in understanding biodiversity.

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Understanding Marine Life: A Guide to Organism Classification and Dichotomous Keys

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2 Patterns of Associations

  2. Dichotomous Keys: a list of guidelines to help you identify an organism that you do not know • Follow along while Ms. Bjelko reviews how to use a dichotomous key to identify an insect. • YOU will individually answer the 2 analysis questions AND identify the 14 sharks into the correct family. • THERE ARE NO DUPLICATE ANSWERS

  3. There are many ways to organize marine organisms. • By food choice • By evolutionary history • By reproductive methods • By geography • By body structure • …..and many, many more!

  4. Dividing by location in the ocean

  5. Benthos- all organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean. • Within the Pelagic Division: • Nekton- large, actively swimming organisms • Plankton- tiny organisms with little swimming ability- mainly pulled around by currents. • Phytoplankton- photosynthetic • Zooplankton- non-photosynthetic

  6. Organisms have adaptations for their particular home. • Evolutionary adapatations • Any inherited trait that helps the organism stay alive. • Examples? • Ecological adaptations • Adjustments made by a living organism during it’s life to deal with changes in it’s habitat • Examples?

  7. Taxonomy of Marine Life

  8. Phylogenic Tree aka Cladogram

  9. NOTE for students • You will not have to memorize the full classification of marine organisms, but you must know the RULES and GENERAL CATEGORIES for classification • YOU WERE ALREADY TAUGHT • K P C O F G S

  10. Biological Species Concept • Species: populations of organisms having common characteristics and successfully breed with each other • There are other ways to define a species, but we will work with this one!

  11. 3 Domains from common ancestry • Domain Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria-Prokaryotes) • Domain Archaea (Kingdom Archaebacteria- Prokaryotes) • Domain Eukarya (4 other kingdoms- Eukaryotes) • Kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista

  12. IF YOU ARE IN AP BIO DO NOT ANSWER THIS QUESTION: Which domain is most like the FIRST living things on earth?

  13. 6 Kingdoms • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia Biology is constantly changing- this is how organisms used to be grouped: MONERA became the 2 different groups of bacteria. Next Potential Change: Get rid of Protista and split plants into 2 different kingdoms

  14. Taxonomy of the Blue Whale • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Order Cetacea • SuborderMysticeti • Family Balaenopteridae • Genus Balaenoptera • Species musculus

  15. Rules for Taxonomy • Each individual group of organisms must have its own unique species name. • BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • Name is the genus and species of the organism • Latin • Created by person/people who identify the species

  16. Binomial Nomenclature of the Blue Whale • Balaenopteramusculus • Also correct to write it as • Balaenopteramusculus • Any other variations are INCORRECT

  17. How do we classify an organism? • Usually by physical traits • Also adding DNA sequences now that we can easily get that info

  18. Phylogenic trees • Aka cladogram • Charts showing the evolutionary relationships between organisms. • Arranged by looking at/for common anscestral species fossils OR • Comparing DNA

  19. Symbiosis • Living together • Different variations in the oceans

  20. mutualism

  21. commensalism

  22. parasitism

  23. #8

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