1. Classical India

2. Representations of the Buddha – Image #1

3. Image #1 close-up

4. Image #2

5. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Political Centralization • The Mauryan Empire (321-185 B.C.E.) • Under Chandragupta Maurya & Ashoka Maurya • - Arthashastra • - built roads, collected taxes, • displayed Rock and Pillar Edicts • - size of bureaucracy led to the • fall of the empire

6. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Political Centralization

7. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Political De-centralization • The Gupta Empire (320-550 C.E.) • Under Chandra Gupta • - leaves local government and administration to regional leaders • - invasions by the nomadic White Huns & the usurping of power by regional leaders causes downfall.

8. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Economics • Agricultural basis • - Ashoka built irrigation canals • Manufactured goods • Cotton, spices, & gems • Long-distance and maritime trade • - monsoon system facilitates trade

9. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Religion in India • Hinduism • - Aryans recognize 4 main castes • - practices of early Brahmins • The Bhagavad Gita • Dharma, Samsara, & Moksha

10. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Religion in India • Buddhism • - The Four Noble Truths • - The Eightfold Path - dharma • The Turning of the Wheel of Law • Nirvana is ultimate goal • does not recognize class distinctions

11. Ch.9 – State and Society in India

12. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Social Structure in India • The Caste System stratifies society • - places males at top as priests • Jati or subcastes are created • Heavily patriarchal • Reinforced by literature • - Mahabharata & Ramayana