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Explore Cell Structure and Functions

Learn about the structure and functions of cells, the basic unit of life, including organelles like nucleus, mitochondria, and more. Understand the processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration with interactive animation.

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Explore Cell Structure and Functions

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  1. Cell Structure Cells

  2. Cells

  3. Functions of Cells

  4. What are cells? • A cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. Cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive. • Your body is made up of specialized cells which carry out the processes needed for life

  5. Main Cell Components • Genetic material • Contains the material for life (DNA) • Cytoplasm fills cell interior – Liquid • Contains organelles sugars, amino acids • Plasma (cell) membrane encloses the cell – It is like the cells skin

  6. Animal Cell

  7. Plant Cell

  8. Structures common to plant and animal cells(Organelles – Small Organs) • Cytoplasm  Not an organelle, suspends the organelles • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Golgi Bodies • Vacuoles

  9. Cytoplasm • Gel-like substance which holds all the cell components together • Made mostly of water • Place where many chemical reactions occur

  10. Cell Membrane • The flexible double-layered “skin” of the cell • Just like our skin holds us together, the cell membrane holds the cell and its components together • It also allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell

  11. Nucleus – The Brain • Controls the cell – akin to our brains controlling us • Holds the genetic material (DNA) which is stored on Chromosomes • Directs activities of the cell • Usually one per cell, some cells have several (muscle) while other have none (Red Blood Cell) • Spherical in shape

  12. Chromosomes • DNA of eukaryotes is divided into linear chromosomes. • Contains all the information needed for life (genes) • We have 23 pairs = 46 Total, half from mom and half from dad

  13. Mitochondria • "Powerhouse of the cell" – Uses Glucose to provide cells with energy (Cellular Respiration) • Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy • Cells that use a lot of energy have more • Structure - outer and inner membranes

  14. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of transportation tubes which transport cellular substances around the cell (akin to a subway network transporting people from place to place) • Location where some proteins are made

  15. Golgi Bodies • Collect and process materials to be removed from the cell • Create and secrete mucus which is used as lining for the intestine and stomach

  16. Vacuoles • Large vacuoles are found in plants while animals have small vacuoles • Contain unwanted substances for removal • Maintaining internal pressures (Plant)

  17. Plant Cells ONLY! • Chloroplasts • Central vacuole • Cell wall

  18. Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than mitochondria • Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour and also allows them to absorb light to be used to create sugar in the process of photosynthesis

  19. Photosynthesis • Performed in the Chloroplasts of plant cells Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen

  20. True or False? • All energy starts with plants? • Plants make energy through photosynthesis? • Sugar is energy?

  21. Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • Within plant cells, photosynthesis takes place to produce glucose (sugar) • The sugar is then used within the mitochondria (cellular respiration) of both plants and animals • How do the animals obtain the glucose?

  22. Cellular Respiration Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy It’s a Cycle!! The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration The products of cellular respiration are Are the reactants of photosynthesis YOU CAN’T HAVE ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER!! Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen Photosynthesis

  23. True or False Answers? • All energy starts with plants? • Plants make energy through photosynthesis? • Sugar is energy?

  24. Vacuole • Plant cells usually have one large vacuole • Maintains the cells pressure  keeps the plants stems and leaves firm • Can be used for storage of wastes to be removed

  25. Cell Wall • Found just outside the cell membrane in plant cells • Hard structure made of cellulose (a kind of sugar) • Provide support and protection

  26. Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation

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