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Comprehensive Overview of Facial Bones and Imaging Techniques

This chapter provides a detailed examination of the fourteen facial bones, including the maxillae, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, vomer, and mandible. Each bone's anatomy, articulations, and importance for dental structures and sinus anatomy are discussed. The chapter further covers routine imaging techniques for facial bones, including PA Caldwell, Waters, and lateral views. Specific positioning landmarks and technical considerations for effective imaging are included to ensure accurate visualization of the facial anatomy.

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Comprehensive Overview of Facial Bones and Imaging Techniques

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  1. Chapter 13 Facial Bones Part 1

  2. Facial Bones14 Bones • 2 Maxillae • 2 Zygomatic • 2 Lacrimal • 2 Nasal • 2 Inferior nasal conchae • 2 Palatine • 1 Vomer • 1 Mandible

  3. Maxillary • Largest _________________ facial bone • Upper jaw • __________ – Central portion lateral to nose • __________________ • Superior projection off body lateral to nose

  4. Maxillary • __________________ • Lateral projection • __________________ • Inferior spaces for upper teeth • ____________________ • Hard palate (cleft palate location)

  5. Maxillary • Fused ________________to nose • ____________________ • Anterior projection at fusion • _____________ • Positioning landmark at base of anterior nasal spine

  6. Palatine • ‘L’ shaped • Vertical portion between _____________ of sphenoid • Horizontal portion makes up ___________________________

  7. Zygomatic(Malar) • Cheek bones • Articulations • ____________ • Temporal • ____________ • Sphenoid

  8. Zygomatic • ______________________ • Prominent lateral portion • _______________________ • Thin bone extending from zygomatic prominence to temporal bone

  9. Nasal • 2 fused bones • ________________ • Positioning landmark superior to nasal bone fusion • Majority of nose ________________

  10. Nasal Septum • Bony - _____________ of ethmoid and _________ • Septal cartilage anterior • _____________- • Forms mid to inferoposterior nasal septum.

  11. Nasal ConchaeTurbinates • _______________________ • Bony projection from lateral wall of nasal cavity projecting medially. • __________________nasal conchae • Extensions from ethmoid bone

  12. Lacrimal • Small facial bone • Posterior to frontal process of maxilla

  13. Imaging the Facial Bones Routine • PA Caldwell • Waters • Lateral • 70 – 80 kVp • 40” SID

  14. PA Caldwell • Prone • Pt’s forehead and nose touching table • _______________to IR • No tilt or rotation • __________tube angle • CR to exit the ___________________

  15. PA Caldwell cont’d • ________________ should be in lower 3rd of orbits • _______________of orbits should be ____________from lateral skull • Shows Orbits, Petrious ridges, nasal septum, frontal, maxillary sinus

  16. WatersParietoacanthial • Prone • Tip of pt’s _____________ • OML forms ___________to IR • __________perpendicular • ____________plane perpendicular • CR to exit __________ • Shows majority of facial bones and sinuses • ______________inferior to maxillary sinuses

  17. Lateral • Right or left depending on area of interest • Put area of interest ______________ • Pt in ________________ • Rotate head so ________________is parallel • _________________perpendicular • ______ perpendicular to front of cassette • CR at ___________________

  18. Imaging the Nasal Bone Routine • Waters • Laterals • Waters 70 – 80 kVp • Laterals 50 – 60 kVp • 40” SID

  19. Laterals • Right and Left Lateral • Position as ____________ • CR directed through ____________- • Tight collimation • Soft tissue technique

  20. Imaging the Zygomatic Bones Routine • AP Towne • SMV • Tangential (If Zygos not seen on SMV) • 50 – 65 kVp • BONE TECHNIQUE

  21. AP TowneZygo • Supine • Tuck chin so ________________to IR • Angle CR ____________ • Or Tuck chin so _______________and angle ________ • Center ________________to pass through mid arches

  22. SMVSubmentovertex • Many ways to position • _______________to IR • ______________perpendicular • CR through arches • Technique is soft tissue to visualize zygos

  23. Tangential • Position as ________ • Rotate and tilt head __________affected side • CR to “shave” Zygo arch

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