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Session 03: Technical aspects of interconnection

Session 03: Technical aspects of interconnection. Collocation Carrier Selection. Outline. Introduction. Collocation. Carrier Selection. Outline. Introduction. Collocation. Carrier Selection. Definition.

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Session 03: Technical aspects of interconnection

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  1. Session 03: Technical aspects of interconnection • Collocation • Carrier Selection

  2. Outline Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

  3. Outline Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

  4. Definition Operators or service providers connect their equipment, their networks and services to enable customers access to customers, services and networks of other providers. Clients -B- Clients -A- Interconnection Actor -A- Actor -B- Services -A- Services -B- Actors may be fixe, mobile operators or ISPs

  5. Importance The political and technical conditions of interconnection and tariffs define: • Telecommunications market : Encouraging competition. • New entrants : Attracting investment. • Customers: Benefit fromThe services offered by operators.

  6. Block diagram of interconnection Network 1 Network 2 LI POI PoP Access Access Customer Operator 1 Customer Operator 2 Legend : POI : point of Interconnection. PoP : Point of Presence . LI : Links of Interconnection .

  7. Types of interconnection(1/2) • Interconnection termination • Operator B terminates a call received from a subscriber of operator A. • Operator B provides service termination to operator A. Operator -A- Operator -B- Customer -A- Customer -B- Calling party Called party

  8. Types of interconnection(2/2) • Interconnection origination • A subscriber of operator B connected to operator A initiates a communication to B • Operator A provides interconnection origination service to operator B. Operator -B- Operator -A- Client -B-

  9. HLR AUC MSC/ VLR fixe-mobile Interconnection BPN GSM BTS GSMBSC GMSC GSM BTS Réseau à Commutation De circuit GSM : Système BSS GSM :Système NSS LR: [ Ensemble de 2Mbps ] ( ) GSM RTC Niveau intra CAA Niveau inter CAA Niveau simple transit Niveau double transit RTC : Réseau à commutation de circuits BPN CAA CAA CT CT

  10. Point of interconnection Simple transit Point of interconnection Double transit TS Transit Switch SDH Ring SDH Ring TS Transit Switch Point of interconnection local ISDN GSM Operator LS Local Switch SDH Access PABX Concentrator Access Access Fixe to mobile interconnection Concentrator

  11. Internet interconnection ISP : Internet Service Provider LLO : Local Loop Operator LDO : Longue Distance Operator Point of interconnection ISP Point Customer Domaine of LDO Domaine of LLO Domaine of ISP

  12. Technicalrequirements • The Reference of Interconnection Offer (RIO) should be simple and clear in defining technical conditions of interconnection. • RIO must contain a minimum of technical services. • Technical details are set out in contract of interconnection. • Collocation. • QoS.

  13. Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

  14. Collocation services • Two types of collocation : • Physical Collocation by mean of dedicated or shared room. • Distant Collocation. • In the following, we note : • Op.1: who offers collocation. • Op.2: applying for collocation.

  15. Dedicated Room (1/2) Op.1 offers collocation to Op.2 LS or TS internal wiring Limitation of Liability Fiber Op.2 Dedicated room Op.2 Chamber 0 Technical Building Op.1

  16. Dedicated Room (2/2) • Op.2 implements : • Physical link between his POP and POI • Terminal equipment (Mux SDH) • One in Op.2 (POP) • Other one collocated in Op.1 (PIO) • Responsable for QoS between POP and PIO • Op.1 offers to Op.2 • Interconnection ports in the switching part

  17. Copper wiring - Op.2 Transmission room Op.1 Distant collocation (1/2) Op.1 offers collocation to Op.2 LS or TS internal wiring PoP Op.2 Limited distance Technical Building Op.1

  18. Distant collocation (2/2) • Op.2 implements : • The physical link between his POP and POI • Responsable for QoS between POP and PIO • Op.1 offers to Op.2 • Interconnection ports in the switching part

  19. Problem CL1: Space • Typically, operators complain a lack of space in technical buildings. • Operators don’t provide space for their competitors.

  20. Remedies CL1: Space • Operators must anticipate and provide a minimum of space for their competitors. • RIOs can provide information on the availability and visibility for provision of collocation. (Saudi Catalog) • Auditing technical building of operators.

  21. Problem CL2: Lack of collocation by dedicated room • In the event that audit reveals a real lack of space by dedicated room in technical buildings. • Operator couldn’t find more space for the extension or provision of these unique services.

  22. Remedies CL2: Lack of collocation by dedicated room • Relies primarily on collocation by shared room. New problem: Access Management. • Proceedings second to distant collocation. Sometimes is limited by distance if the transmission medium is for example copper. • Alternatives : In Span.

  23. Problem CL3: Procedures • Operators are delaying implementation of collocation highlighting procedural delays longer. • Examples: • Deadlines for feasibility study. • Prolonged delays in the redevelopment of sites. • Limiting the number of studies.

  24. Remedies CL3: Procedures • Collocation services must be strictly regulated. • Ability to conduct studies in parallel on one or more sites. • Limiting response times: the use of simulations and benchmarks.

  25. Problem CL4: Tariffs • Excessive Rates. • Lack of visibility: quotes.

  26. Remedies CL4: Tariffs • Rates per m2: benchmark residential areas. • Limiting the use of quotes.

  27. Problem CL5: Management • Access Management. • Limitation of Liability.

  28. Remedies CL5: Management • Securing access. • Collocation by shared room: Trust between operators? • Responsibilities must be detailed in contracts.

  29. Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

  30. Conveying Access Calling paty Incumbent generally Provision of carrier selection It is a mechanism that allows subscribers to choose their carrier for local, national or international calls.

  31. Types • Two types of carrier selection: • Call by call selection. • Preselection.

  32. Call by call selection(CCS) • Possibility for the user to make his choice of carrier for each call. • This service requires that the carrier is interconnected to  the original operator.

  33. CS: Schematic illustration In this case, the Carrier is a long Distance operator.

  34. CS: Implementation • A list of prefixes assigned to different carriers. • The user dials the first carrier selected prefix, followed by the   number of the callee. • Mechanism of prefix routing tables.

  35. Preselection • The user makes the choice of carrier for the desired types of calls • (local, national or international). • This choice is made once by the user. • Preselection does not cancel CCS

  36. Problem ST1: Restriction • Should we restrict the use of selection call service?

  37. Remedies ST1: Restriction • Payphones. • Special numbers. • Non-geographic numbers ? • Others? Marketing effort

  38. Problem ST2: Opportunity and scope • Timeliness of CS implementation • Targeted segment of the market (local, national, international) • Mobile/fixe

  39. Remedies ST2: Opportunity and scope • The CS is a regulatory lever that can promote competition in some market segments, especially in international • Subscribers can take profit, to some extent, from advantages offered by operators while contracting a single operator • However, the CS requires a certain maturity of the market • (to allow time for infrastructure development) • CS can generate effects of positive externalities

  40. Problem ST3 : Implementation • Mechanisms for implementating CS • Managing routing tables • Costs • Implementation times

  41. Remedies ST3 : Implementation • A list of prefixes assigned to different carriers. • the user dials the first carrier selected prefix, followed by the   number of the callee. • Switches eligible to CS. • Distributed architecture then centralized one • Planning adopted by the regulator • Centralized architecture: cost sharing between operators?

  42. Problem ST4 : Tariffs • Cost base • Cost model

  43. Remedies ST4 : Tariffs • Cost orientation • Charges relevant to signaling • Unified cost model between operators: symmetry or asymmetry in case of distributed architecture?

  44. Thankyou for your attention M. Abdelmounaim EL HAFFAF elhaffaf@anrt.ma

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