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Overview of Cell Organelles and Their Functions in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

This guide explores the key organelles found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It details the functions of structures such as the plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleus, ribosomes, and various types of endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances, while the cell wall offers support and protection. The nucleus acts as the control center, housing DNA. Ribosomes produce proteins vital for cell function. This overview serves as an essential resource for understanding cellular organization and the roles of each organelle.

cameron-kennedy
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Overview of Cell Organelles and Their Functions in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

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  1. 4.2 Organelles

  2. Cell Boundaries • Plasma (Cell) Membrane • Function: • Surrounds cell • Allows specific things things in and out (homeostasis) • Fact: • Selectively permeable – allows water and nutrients to in, waste out • Made of phospholipids • Found in: • Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes

  3. Cell Boundaries • Cell Wall • Function: • Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra support and protection • Fact: • Made of cellulose in plants • Found in: • Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes (plants) 2. Cell wall 1. Cell membrane

  4. Nucleus Cell control • Nucleus • Function: • Controls the organelles • Contains DNA – gives instructions for making proteins • Fact: • “Command center” or “brain” of the cell • Most prominent structure • Found in: • Eukaryotes Nucleus

  5. Cell control • Chromatin • Function: • Condense to form chromosomes in nucleus • Fact: • Strands of DNA that look like spaghetti • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  6. Nucleolus Cell control • Nucleolus • Function: • Makes ribosomes • Fact: • Found inside the nucleus • Found in: • Eukaryotes Nucleolus

  7. Cell control • Ribosomes • Function: • Makes proteins • Fact: • Made of RNA • Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes Ribosomes

  8. Cell control • Nuclear Envelope/Membrane • Function: • Controls what enters/exits the nucleus • Fact: • Surrounds the nucleus • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  9. Cell Control • Centrioles • Function: • Involved in cell reproduction • Fact: • Made from microtubules • 2 are paired at right angles • Found in: • Eukaryotes (animal cells)

  10. Cell Assembly • Cytoplasm • Function: • Suspends/holds organelles • Site of chemical reactions • Fact: • Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes

  11. Cell Assembly • Round Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Function: • Produces proteins • Fact: • Helps move molecules throughout the cell • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  12. Cell Assembly • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Function: • Produces lipids (steroids) • Detoxifies poisons • Fact: • Helps move molecules throughout the cell • Found in: • Eukaryotes

  13. Cell Assembly • Golgi Apparatus • Function: • Processes, packs, and secretes proteins and lipids • Fact: • Works closely with ER • Flattened stack of membranes • Found in: • Eukaryotes Golgi

  14. Cell Assembly Vacuole • Vacuole • Function: • Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs • Fact: • Helps maintain homeostasis • Found in: • Eukaryotes (plants have a LARGE vacuole)

  15. Cell Assembly • Lysosomes • Function: • Uses enzymes to digest old organelles and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses) • Fact: • “Suicide sacs” • Found in: • Eukaryotes Lysosome

  16. Cell Assembly • Ever wonder how a tadpole gets rid of its tail and grows legs???? • It’s lysosomes digest the cells in the tail, and these molecules are released to build different cells, like legs!

  17. Energy Transformers • Chloroplast • Function: • Capture light and convert it to chemical energy during photosynthesis • Fact: • Glucose (sugar) is made • Found in: • Eukaryotes (plants) Chloroplast

  18. Energy Transformers • Mitochondria • Function: • Breaks down food into ATP energy during cellular respiration • Fact: • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Found in: • Eukaryotes Mitochondria

  19. Support & Locomotion • Cytoskeleton • Function: • Maintains the shape & supports the cell • Fact: • Made of microfilaments & microtubules • Found throughout the cytoplasm • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes

  20. Microtubules

  21. Support & Locomotion • Cilia • Function: • Movement of cells or fluids • Fact: • Short hair-like fibers • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes

  22. Cilia Support & Locomotion • Flagella • Function: • Movement of cells • Fact: • Long hair-like fibers • Found in: • Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes Flagella http://www.youtube.com/user/ecrouch7#p/a/f/0/1IqsE8CVTms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB5aS2Zg&feature=related

  23. Levels of Organization • Organelles  CellsTissuesOrgansOrgansystemsOrganisms

  24. Animal Cells Plant Cells Animal & Plant Comparison • Have centrioles • No chloroplasts • No cell walls • Do not have centrioles • Have chloroplasts • Have cell walls

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