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Independent nations of South Asia

Explore the turbulent 1940s that led to the partition of India into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan, the subsequent violence, the Kashmir conflict, and the political legacies of leaders like Nehru and Indira Gandhi. Learn about the struggles faced by Sikhs and the formation of Bangladesh. Understand the political instability in Pakistan and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. Discover the concept of non-alignment in the region's diplomatic history.

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Independent nations of South Asia

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  1. Independent nations of South Asia Chapter 31 Section 1

  2. Hindus and Muslims • 1940’s tension between Hindus and Muslims led to violence • British decided to partition (divide) India into two countries • India- Hindu majority • Pakistan-Muslim majority

  3. After independence Muslims fled to Pakistan and Hindus fled to India • Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs (another religious group attacked and killed each other • India and Pakistan fought over Kashmir (a state in the North) • Both countries developed nuclear weapons

  4. Nehru • In Sri Lanka-Tamil rebels fought for an independent Tamil nation • Jawaharlal Nehru-was India’s first prime minister • He tried to improve the economy and the treatment of dalits (outcastes)

  5. Nehru’s daughter became Prime minister • Indira Gandhi • In 1984 Sikhs occupied the Golden Temple • They wanted independence for the state of Punjab • Indira had troops sent in, Sikhs were killed and Gandhi's own body guard who were Sikhs killed her.

  6. Later Indira Gandhi's son Pajiv Gandhi would also become Prime minister and be assassinated by religious fanatics

  7. Pakistan • A thousand miles separated East Pakistan from West Pakistan, west Pakistan controlled the government • In 1971 Bengals called for a new government in east Pakistan called Bangladesh, India supported the rebels • Pakistan was forced to recognize Bangladesh as an independent country

  8. Pakistan • Has been politically unstable • Islamic fundamentalist want a separation between religion and government • The fundamentalist gained power • India and Pakistan organized a conference of independent states • Non-alignment- political and diplomatic independence from the US or Soviet Union

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