Unit – I:java Fundamentals

1. Unit –I:java Fundamentals MC5304-PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA REGULATION-2017

2. Java Features • Simple • Object-oriented • Platform Independent • Dynamic and distributed • Multithreaded

3. Java Platform • Java Language: Like any programming language, the java language has its own structure ,syntax , rules. • Java Compiler: when you program for the java platform , you write source code in .java files and then compile them . • Java virtual Machine(JVM): JVM intercepts the byte code into the machine code. • Garbage Collector : Garbage collector will automatically removes unused objects from the memory. • Java Development Kit: JDK contains tools needed to devlep the java programs.

4. Expression • Expression are essential building blocks of any java program. • They are built using variables, values, operators and method calls . • Expressions produce values as results and will be used as part of another expression or in a statement.

5. Comments • Comments should be used to give overview of code and provide additional information that is not readily available in the code it self

6. Variables • Variable is a name o memory location • Variable is name of reserved area allocated in memory

7. Data Types • Data types defines a set of permitted values on which the legal operations can be performed. • In ,java all the variables needs to be declared in first before using particular variables.

8. Keywords • In the java programming language , a keyword is one of 50 reserved words. • Already predefined to it so the user cannot able to change it • Example: void , return etc.

9. Operators: • Operators are special characters used to instruct the java compiler to perform an operations on one , two , or three operands. • The operators are: • Arithmetic Operators • Assignment Operators • Relational operators • Logical operators • Conditional operator • Bitwise and Bit Shift operator • Increment and decrement operator

10. Control structures • Java control statements control the order of execution in a java program based on data values and conditional logic. • Basically control statements are define in two ways: • 1)Decision making/Selection statement: • I )If Statement • ii)If else statement • iii) switch statement • 2) looping statement: • i) for loop • ii) while loop • iii) do…. While loop

11. Decision making statements • Decision / selection statements provide the means of choosing between two more execution paths in a program. Such statements are fundamental and essential parts of all programming languages . • Basic statements are ; • i) if statement • ii) if else statement • iii) switch statement

12. Loops • Loops means repeating the statements un till some of the specified conditions are satisfied . • Looping statements are: • i) For loop • ii) while loop • iii) do….while loop

13. Class and Objects • A class can be defined as a template/blue print that describes the behaviors /states that object of its type support. • Class is a collection objects. • Object are the real time entities , which take/ occupies memory place. • Object is used to access class members .

14. Methods • A java method is equivalent to a function ,procedures , or subroutines in other languages , except that it must be defined inside a class definition • In the other word, there is no support for global methods in java; every method must be defined with in a class

15. Inheritance • Inheritance can be defined at the process where one object acquires the properties of another . • Inheritance is a way to form new classes using classes. • The new class is known as derived class. • Old class is known is known parent class: • Types of inheritance: • Single inheritance • Multiple inheritance • Hieararchal inheritance

16. Interface • In the java programming language ,an interface is reference type, similar to a class that can contain only constants, methods signatures , and nested types. • Interface cannot be instantiated – they can only ne implemented by classes or extended by other interface. • An interface defines a protocol of communications between two objects • An interface declaration contains signatures, but no implementations, for a set of methods ,and might also contain constant definitions. • Interface can be implemented using implements keyword . • Interface extended using extend keyword .

17. Package • A package is a grouping of related types of providing access protection and namespace management . • The types refer to classes , interfaces , enumerations and annotation types • To import package we have use the import statement. • There are two types of package: • 1) Built in package • 2) user-defined package

18. Boxing and Un boxing • Boxing is the process of converting a primitive type data into its corresponding wrapper class object instance . • Un boxing is the process of converting wrapper instance into its primitive type • Java auto boxing and un boxing features

19. Variable length arguments • In java, a method can talk a variable number of arguments. • This feature is called varargs and the method that takes a variable number of arguments is called a varargs method . • The varargs allow he method to accept zero or multiple arguments .

20. Exception handling • The java programming language users exceptions to handles errors and other exceptional events. • An exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal floe of instructions . • To handle exception java provides exception handling mechanism.

21. Unit-II:Collections and advanced features

22. Introduction to collection • A collection represents a group of objects , known as ist elements. • Some collection allow duplicate elements and others do not • Some are ordered and unordered • It provides implementations of more specific sub interfaces like set and list

23. Hierarchy of collection framework • When designing software with the collections framework, it is useful to remember the relationships of the basic interfaces of the framework • The entire collections framework is divided into four interfaces. • List: It handles sequential list of objects • Queue: It handles special list of objects in which elements are removed only from the head. • Set: It handles list if objects which must contain unique element. • map: this is the one interface in collection framework which is not inherited form collection interface .

24. Generics • Generics in java allow application to create classes and objects that can operate on any defined types • There is no need for un necessary casting when deaking with objects in a collection • Generics have types of the parameters T ,E ,K ,N ,V

25. ArrayList • Java array list uses a dynamic array for storing the elements . • It inherits abstract list class and implements List interface • Java array list class contains duplicate elements. • Java array list class maintains insertion order

26. Linked list • The linked list class extends abstract sequential list and implements the list interface • It provides linked list data structures • It can be dyanmic

27. Hashset • Hash set in java is a collection which implements set interface and backed by an hash map • It performs operations like add , remove , contains and size • It permits null element

28. Treeset • Tree set provides an implementation of the set interface that uses a tree for storage • Objects stored in sorted ,ascending order . • Access and retrieval times are quite fast , which makes tree set an excellent choice • When storing large amount of sorted information that must be found quickly

29. Hashmap • Java hash map class implements the map interface by using a hash table. • It inherits Abstract map class and implements map interface • A hash map contains values based on the key • It contains only unique elements

30. Tree map • Java tree map class implements the map interface by using a tree • It provides an efficient means of storing key/value pairs in sorted order • A tree map contains values based on the key . • It implements the navigable map interface and extends Abstract map class

31. Comparators • A object is capable of composing two different objects • The class is not comparing its instances , but other class instances • The comparator class implements the java.util.Comparator.interface

32. Java Annotation(Meta Data) • Annotation is a rag that represents the metadata. • It is attached with class , interface ,methods or fields to indicate some additional information that can be used by java compiler and JVM • Annotations provides data about a program that is not part of the program itself. • Annotations has two types: • Built in annotation • User defined annotation

33. Premain method • Java agent is a regular java class which follows a strict conventions • Agent class contains the premain method and that is key in java instrumentation. • This is similar to main method

34. Unit –III: Advanced java programming

35. Input and Output packages • The java .io . Package provides an extensive library of classes for dealing with input and output. • Java provides streams as a general mechanism for dealing with data I/O • Streams implements sequential access of data. • It provide input to and get output from the system

36. Input stream • The java. util. input stream class is the super class of all classes representing an input stream of bytes . • Applications that need to define a subclass of Input stream must always provide a method that returns the next byte of input • It uses public inputstram()

37. Output Stream • The java. util .Output stream class is the super classes representing an output stream of bytes. • An output stream accepts output bytes and sends them to some link. • It uses public output Stream()

38. Inner classes • Inner classes are the non static member classes. • Non static inner classes are defined without the keyword static • It also nested any depth. • Method s of non static inner class can directly refer to any member of any enclosing class , including private members.

39. JDBC Database Connectivity • JDBC is java application programming interface that allows the java programmers to access database using java code • It was developed by java soft, a subsidairy of sun micro systems .it is a java API which enables the java programs to execute SQL statements • Generally all relational database management system supports SQL and JDBC make it possible to write a single database application • It provides four types of drivers

40. JDBC connectivity with Mysql • The java . sql package contains the entire JDBC API that sends SQL statements to relational databases and retrieves the results of executing those SQL commands • It provides set of steps to connect with sql.

41. Prepared statement & Result set • To retrieve the data out of the result set and into a java variable , one needs to use one of the result set “get” methods • The “get “ methods retrieves the data from the result set and converts it to java type • Each get method is used to retrieve a different java type • The prepared statement interface extends the statement interface which gives you added functionality with a couple of advantage over a generic statement object

42. JDBC Stored procedures/collable statement • A stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that form a logical unit and perform a particular task, and they are used to encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on a database server • Stored procedure can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results , and they can have any combination of input , output and input/output parameters

43. Servlets • Servlets are java programs running on a web server that procedure results viewed remotely on a web server • Java servlet technology provides web developers with a simple, consistent mechanism for extending the functionality of a webserver • Servlet can also access a library of HTTP- specific calls and receive all the benefits of the mature java language

44. RMI(Remote Method Invocation) • The remote method invocation (RMI) is an API that provides a mechanism to create distributed application in java. • The RMI allows an object to invoke methods on an object running in another JVM • The RMI provides remote communication between the applications using two objects sub and Skeleton • Remote Method Invocations facilities object function calls between java virtual Machine (JVM)

45. Swing fundamentals • “swing” is a set of classes that provides more powerful and flexible components that are possible with “AWT” • Familiar components , such as buttons, check boxes, and labels , swing supplies several exciting additions , including tabbed panes , scroll panes , trees , and tables . • Familiar components such as button have more capabilities

46. Swing Classes • The class J component , descended directly from container which is the root class for most of swing’s user interface components • Swing components that one will use to build a GUI. • The Swing toolkit includes a rich set of components for building GUIs and adding interactivity to java applications • Swing includes all components such as tree controls , buttons , labels

47. Unit-IV: Data retrieval &Enterprise application development

48. Java servers • There are two types of servers: • 1). Web server • 2)Application server • Web server: It contains only web or servlet container . It can be used for servlet , jsp, structs, jsfect. • It is a computer where the web content can be stored. • Examples : Apache tomcat and resin . • Application server : Application servers contains web and EJB containers . • It can be used for servlet , jsp ,strcuts ,jsf etc. • It is a component based product that lies in the middle • Tier of a server centric architetcture. • Example of application server : • Jboss , Glassfish , Weblogic , Websphere • It provides the middleware services for state maintanence and security

49. Containers • A component runs with in a context called container. • The container is an important component of web application in java based java EE technology • It is responsible for maintaining the individual components on the server side ,which include java servlets, java server pages (jsp) and java server faces(jsf) • How the services will be provided and accessed is determined by a contract, which is an agreement between the web application and the container

50. Creating web application using servlet/ jsp • Servlets are java programs running on a web server that produce results viewed remotely on a web server • Servlet technology provides web developers with a simple , consistent mechanism for extending the functionality of a web server and for accessing existing business systems • Servlet uses javax.servlet , javax. Servlet.http • Jsp or java server page was developed by sun micro systems . • Jsp technology is object –oriented programming language and is based on java technology • Jsp is a server side technology that allows software developers to create dynamically generated web pages , with HTML , XML or other document types in response to a web client request to a java web application container (server)