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The study of Organizational Behavior

Mata Kuliah : Perilaku Organisasional Buku acuan : Gibson, Ivancevich, Donelly (2000). Organization: behavior, structure, process. McGraw-Hill . The study of Organizational Behavior. Organisasi sebagai sistem.

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The study of Organizational Behavior

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  1. Mata Kuliah : Perilaku Organisasional Buku acuan : Gibson, Ivancevich, Donelly (2000). Organization: behavior, structure, process. McGraw-Hill The study of Organizational Behavior

  2. Organisasi sebagai sistem Sebagai kesatuan sosial yang memiliki batas yang dapat diidentifikasi dan tujuannya dinyatakan dengan jelas dengan sistem aktifitas yang terstruktur. MQM 421/Srping 2006

  3. Organisasi merupakan sistem terbuka. • Seperangkat elemen-elemen yang saling terkait dan berhubungan yang memperoleh input dari lingkungannya, memproses/transformasikan, dan menghasilkan output pada lingkungan eksternal. • Organisasi juga merupakan sistem sosial; bentuk khusus dari sistem terbuka yang mengandalkan pada individu dan kelompok orang-orang yang bekerja bersama dalam cara yang terstruktur dan terkoordinasi. MQM 421/Srping 2006

  4. Sistem Lingkungan Subsistim Nilai-nilai dan tujuan -Budaya -Pilosofi -Tujuan; Organisasi, Kelompok, Individu Subsistem Teknika -Pengetahuan -Teknik-teknik -Fasilitas -Peralatan Subsistem Manajerial Penetapan Tujuan Perencanaan Integrasi SD Pengimplementasian Pengendalian Subsistem Psychosocial Sikap, Persepsi, Motivasi, Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi, Hub interpersonal Subsistem Struktural Tugas, Aliran pekerjaan, wewenang, aliran informasi, prosedur, aturan The Organizational System MQM 421/Srping 2006

  5. Subsistem Teknikal; Terdiri dari tugas-tugas yang disyaratkan untuk menghasilkan produk atau output organisasi (mis: komputer) • Subsistem Struktural; Subsistem Menentukan divisi dari pekerjaan dalam organisasi. Organisasional chart merupakan bagian yang integral dari subsistim ini. • Psikososial; Orang-orang dan hub mereka satu sama lainnya menjadi elemen utama. MQM 421/Srping 2006

  6. Subsistem Manajerial; Cara-cara formal atau informal yang digunakan manajer untuk menjalankan tugas. • Subsistem Nilai dan Tujuan; Sifat dan kualitas tujuan merupakan bagian subsistim ini. Penekanan bukan hanya pada reward tetapi pencapaian hasil. MQM 421/Srping 2006

  7. What is an Organization? • Consciously coordinated social unit • Composed of two or more people • Functions on a continuous basis to achieve a common goal • Characterized by formal roles that define the behavior of its members MQM 421/Srping 2006

  8. The Characteristics of an Organization People Purpose Structure MQM 421/Srping 2006 3

  9. The Levels of an Organization Supervise Others Top Managers Middle Managers First-Line Managers Work on Jobs Front-Line Employees MQM 421/Srping 2006 4

  10. Globalization Changing nature of competition Demographic changes and diversity Lack of interpersonal (people) skills Changing nature of competitive advantage, including innovation Managing change Changes in the employee – employer relationship, including declining loyalty Increase in the number and severity of work/life conflicts Importance of ethics Challenges Facing Organizations MQM 421/Srping 2006

  11. Organizational Behavior • The study of human perceptions, attitudes, behavior, and thus performance in organizations • Intended to help us predict and control behavior and performance outcomes • Behavior is influenced by personal and situational factors MQM 421/Srping 2006

  12. Contributing Disciplines Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings Psychologyseeks to measure,explain, and change behavior Social psychologyfocuses on the influence of peopleon one another Political science is the study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment Anthropologyis the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities MQM 421/Srping 2006

  13. See Exhibit 1.3, p. 10, for additional detail Foundations of Organizational Behavior Psychology Individual Sociology Study of Organizational Behavior Social Psychology Group Anthropology Organization Political Science Chapter 1

  14. Individual Differences Fundamental Consistencies Intuition Systematic Study UnderstandingOrganizational Behavior Chapter 1

  15. Basic OB Model, Stage I MQM 421/Srping 2006

  16. EXHIBIT 3-8What may happen in traditional objective setting. MQM 421/Srping 2006

  17. Assumptions • OB follows principles of human behavior – each persons is different. Employee as a unique embodiment • Organizations are social systems – authority, status, and power, and people have varying needs • Multiple factors shape OB – no one best way to manage • Structure and process affect organizational behavior and emergent culture. MQM 421/Srping 2006

  18. Three Perspectives on effectiveness Group effectiveness Organizational effectiveness Individual effectiveness MQM 421/Srping 2006

  19. Causes of effectiveness Group effectiveness Organizational effectiveness Individual effectiveness Causes Ability Knowledge Attitude Motivation Stress Causes Cohesiveness Leadership Structure Status Roles Norms Causes Environment Technology Strategic Choice Structure Process Culture MQM 421/Srping 2006

  20. Three ways to think about effectiveness • Goal approach. Emphasize the central role of goal achievement • System theory • Stakeholders approach MQM 421/Srping 2006

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