The Cold War at Home & Two Nations on the Edge

1. The Cold War at Home & Two Nations on the Edge Chapter 26 Section 3 & 4

2. Objective & Do Now Objective: Understand how the Red Scare led to the restriction of American freedoms and rights Do Now: WHAT OTHER TIME IN AMERICAN HISTORY HAVE WE (AMERICANS) SACRIFICED OUR PERSONAL FREEDOMS OUT OF FEAR OF OUTSIDERS?

3. I Brinkmanship Rules US PolicyA. Race for the H-Bomb • Soviets explode its 1st Atomic bombtalks of US making H-Bomb • Thermonuclear bomb in which atoms are fused creating 67x more of an explosion than that in Hiroshima • Arguments over the morality of such a weapon begins • Truman authorizes work on the Hydrogen bomb after SU explosion of Atom Bomb takes away our advantage • H-Bomb in 1952 but SU gets one the following year • Arms race begins Federal Civil Defense Administration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dKTxCwUv04

4. I Fear of Communist Influence • “iron curtain” & SU takeover of China scares Americans • Rise in membership to America communist party • Some SU spies infiltrate US gov’t • Staunch Anti-Communist Republicans accuse Truman of being “soft” on communismexecutive order sets up the Federal Loyalty and Security Program • Sets up the Loyalty Review Board= investigates gov’t employees and dismiss those found to be disloyal

5. Loyalty Rev. Board violates ppls constitutional rights • Accused cant see evidence held against them or know who their accuser was • House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)= Congressional committee began to search out disloyalty in the movie industry • Wanted to rid suspected Communists so they cant spread communist prop. • Hollywood Ten= 10 men accused by HUAC who did not coop with committee because they believed their hearings were unconst. • Hollywood execs institute a blacklist • List of ppl whom Hollywood film makers would not hire because they were allegedly communists ruined careers

6. HUAC investigates Alger Hiss= a New Deal lawyer who worked in the State Department • Accused of spying for SU and sending documents to their gov’t • Too many yrs. pass to charge for espionage so they charge with perjury • Convicted of perjury and sentenced to 5 yrs. In jail • Ethel & Julius Rosenburg accused of sending SU nuclear energy documents leading them to explode A-bomb • Activists in the communists party • Plead the 5thconvicted and sentenced to deathelectric chair

7. As Hollywood rids itself of commies, Congress decides Loyalty Rev. is not enoughpass McCarran Internal Security Bill • Made it illegal to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship in the US • Truman vetoes “in a free country we punish men for crimes they commit, but never for opinions they hold” • Congress overrides Truman’s veto

8. II McCarthy Launches his “Witch Hunt” • Anti communist Republican senator Joseph McCarthy begins to accuse ppl w/in the gov’t of being communist • Takes advantage of the “red scare” and makes unproven accusations • Claims to have a list of hundreds of government workers • Claims that Democratic Party guilt of treason for allowing Communist infiltration • McCarthyism= the tactics used by McCarthy in his hunt for commies w/in the gov’t • When challenged he accused another person

9. McCarthy accuses US Armytelevisedinvestigationhis downfall • Bullied the witnesses which alienated the audience • Senate condemns him for improper conduct • During this era, many Americans were so scared of communism and tried so hard to get rid of its influence that they were willing to compromise their own freedom • McCarthyism/Hollywood 10/HUAC/Loyalty Rev. Board = EXAMPLES OF COMPROMISING FREEDOM OUT OF FEAR OF COMMUNISM HOMEWORK QUESTION ( 1 PAGE MINUMUM RESPOSE) - SHOULD WE, AS AMERICANS, EVER GIVE UP OUR FREEDOMS?

10. III CIA & Covert Operations • Eisenhower uses Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to carry gather info on foreign terr. And covert ops to overthrow govt’shostile to US • IRAN= Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh places oil industry under gov’t control • Iran’s econ failsUS fears they will look for SU (communist) help • CIA organized military Coup replaces Mossadegh with PahlaviAmerican resentment in the area

11. Guatemala= Democratically elected President JacoboArbenz Guzman redistributes land among rural poor • CIA trains a Guatemalan army force which bombs and invades Guatemala • CIA installs pro-US gov’t leader Carlos Castillo ArmasStirs American resentment as in Iran

12. IV Cold War Spreads • Growing tensions between US & SU when W Germany allowed to rearm and join NATOWarsaw pact • Military alliance between SU and the satellite nations under its control • Eisenhower proposes an “open skies” initiative at Geneva Convention • US & SU would allow recon missions in each other terr. Top guard against surprise nuclear attacksNikitaKruschev (SU Communist leader) rejects

13. GB & France own Suez Canal located in Egyptian terr. • Egyptian leader seizes canalGB, French, & Israelite invasion of EgyptSU allying w/ Egypt • SU threatens use of nuclear bomb  US states it wont tol. That action • Ends in cease fire • Su prestige in ME risesEisenhower Doctrine • US would defend the ME from attack by any communist country • Congress approves giving pres. Authority to us Amer. Forces at his discretion in ME

14. V Cold War takes to the Skies: Space Race • SU launch Sputnik on October 4th, 1957 Space Race • 1st unarmed satellite above the earths atmosphere • SU demonstrates its ability to launch nuclear weapons to any location in the world

15. Sputniks success made US feel vulnerable and inferior in techNational Defense Education Act • makes changes to EDU system to improve science, math, & Foreign lang. courses • National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) 1958 • 1st attempts at launching was unsuccesfulUSsends Explorer I into orbit

16. After failed “open skies” proposal CIA begins making secret high altitutde flights over SU • U2 plane used for these flights designed to fly higher than SU fighter planes & beyond reach of antiaircraft missiles • Eisenhower & others want to end program when another Geneva summit conference was org. • What would happen in U2 aircraft was discovered? • U2 shot down in Soviet Airspace & US claims it was lost in a weather mission

17. Eisenhower owns up to covert op surveillance in SUKhrushcev denounces the US • U2 incident ended hopes for peace and led to higher tensions that would lead into the 60s HOMEWORK QUESTIONS WRITE A MINIMUM ONE PAGE RESPONSE TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ESSAY FORMAT. MUST BE TYPED • WHAT WAS THE CIA’S ROLE IN THE COLD WAR? • HOW DO YOU THINK THJE CIA’S ROLE MAY HAVE EFFECTED OTHER NATIONS? • HOW, DO YOU THINK, THE SUEZ CANAL INCIDENT AND THE COVERT CIA OPERATION CONTRIBUTE TO PUBLIC OPINION OF THE US IN THOSE TERRITORIES?