A Nation Divided: The War Between the States, 1860-1865

1. A Nation Divided: The War Between the States, 1860-1865 Union field hospital at Savage Station, VA. From http://www.keystoneregiment.com/files/civil-war-field-hospital.jpg Union field hospital at Savage Station, VA. From http://www.keystoneregiment.com/files/civil-war-field-hospital.jpg

2. Questions for the Day� What were the war aims and advantages of each side? What role did African Americans play in this conflict? How did this conflict change American society?

3. Process of Secession, 1861-1862 From Bedford St. Martin�s Instructor CD-ROM.From Bedford St. Martin�s Instructor CD-ROM.

4. Ft. Sumter in South Carolina

5. Confederate War Aims Defend their homeland Defend their understanding of democracy Defend their way of life, including slavery and the racial hierarchy Accomplish all of these by creating their own nation

6. Union War Aims Preserve the Union Enforce their understanding of democracy and the Constitution Maintain federal authority in border states End slavery

7. Confederate States of America From Bedford St. Martin�s Instructor CD-ROM.From Bedford St. Martin�s Instructor CD-ROM.

8. Union and Confederate Resources Population: North 61% - South 39% Railroad Mileage: North 66% - South 34% Factories: North 81% - South 19% Farmland: North 67% - South 33% Taken from Brinkley, American History: A Survey, v. 1 (p. 474).Population: North 61% - South 39% Railroad Mileage: North 66% - South 34% Factories: North 81% - South 19% Farmland: North 67% - South 33% Taken from Brinkley, American History: A Survey, v. 1 (p. 474).

9. Lincoln�s Views on the Union �I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be �the Union as it was�.� My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery.� Letter to the New York Tribune, 1862

10. Black Contrabands, 1862 �These refugees are crossing the Rappahannock River in Virginia in August 1862. Most slaves carried few possessions with them�these wagons and goods may have been purchased during slavery, taken from the master, or gathered during flight.� Library of Congress.�These refugees are crossing the Rappahannock River in Virginia in August 1862. Most slaves carried few possessions with them�these wagons and goods may have been purchased during slavery, taken from the master, or gathered during flight.� Library of Congress.

11. Benjamin ButlerUnion General

12. Contrabands Entering Camp �Scarcely a day or a night passed that did not witness the arrival of colored refugees in camp�. Sometimes whole families, at other times parts of many families, would come together, making an addition of from ten to sixty to our camp in a night.� Horace Moore, February 19, 1862 From dissertation: Horace Ladd Moore, �A Kansas Chaplain on the War,� February 19, 1862, in Military History Collection, Box 2, Folder 15, Library and Archives Division, KSHS. From dissertation: Horace Ladd Moore, �A Kansas Chaplain on the War,� February 19, 1862, in Military History Collection, Box 2, Folder 15, Library and Archives Division, KSHS.

13. Emancipation Proclamation Within states (and parts of states) still under rebellion, all slaves �henceforward forever shall be free� The government would recognize and �maintain the freedom of said persons� Slaves and former slaves should work hard and refrain from violence (unless as self defense) Slaves fit for service could join the military From http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=47&subjectID=3 (accessed August 21, 2010).From http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=47&subjectID=3 (accessed August 21, 2010).

14. Black Soldiers in the Union Army, 1865 These soldiers were the guard detail of the 107th U.S. Colored Infantry. The picture was taken in Arlington, Virginia. Bettmann/Corbis.These soldiers were the guard detail of the 107th U.S. Colored Infantry. The picture was taken in Arlington, Virginia. Bettmann/Corbis.

15. Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee Grant: http://www.civilwaracademy.com/images/general-grant.jpg Lee: http://www.nndb.com/people/930/000049783/robert-e-lee-sm.jpgGrant: http://www.civilwaracademy.com/images/general-grant.jpg Lee: http://www.nndb.com/people/930/000049783/robert-e-lee-sm.jpg

16. Appomattox Campaign http://www.posix.com/CWmaps/Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.pnghttp://www.posix.com/CWmaps/Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png

17. Summary At the war�s outset, the Confederacy had the advantage in many respects

18. Summary At the war�s outset, the Confederacy had the advantage in many respects As the war progressed, Lincoln�s policy of conciliation changed to a �hard war� policy

19. Summary At the war�s outset, the Confederacy had the advantage in many respects As the war progressed, Lincoln�s policy of conciliation changed to a �hard war� policy African Americans played a central role in shaping the war�s political aims AND its outcome

20. Summary At the war�s outset, the Confederacy had the advantage in many respects As the war progressed, Lincoln�s policy of conciliation changed to a �hard war� policy African Americans played a central role in shaping the war�s political aims AND its outcome The Civil War radically reshaped American politics, economy, and society