The Nation Divided

1. The Nation Divided Chapter 10

2. The Wilmot Proviso • The Missouri Compromise did not apply to the Mexican Cession • The Wilmot Proviso sought to ban slavery from the territories acquired from Mexico • Southerners viewed the bill as an attack on slavery

3. The Debate Over California • California’s admission to the union led to bitter arguments between North and South • Sen. Henry Clay proposed a compromise that could end the North/South conflict • Sen. John Calhoun opposed the compromise; the North would continue to attack the South’s way of life; wanted Constitutional protection or secession! • Sen. Daniel Webstersupported Clay in order to stop the sectionalism dividing the nation

4. The Compromise of 1850 • Authored by Henry Clay • California admitted as a free state (N) • Banned the slave trade in Washington D.C. (N) • Popular Sovereignty would decide the slavery issue in the Mexican Cession (S) • A stricter fugitive slave law was passed. (S) • Northerners reacted to the compromise by resisting the slave law and helping slaves escape.

5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, who was inspired by her hatred of the new fugitive slave laws • Exposed Northerners to the evils of slavery • Criticized by Southerners as false propaganda

6. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Written by Senator Stephen Douglas • Organized the Louisiana Territory into the Kansas and Nebraska Territories • Opened the territories to slavery through popular sovereignty • Violated the Missouri Compromise, angering many Northerners

7. Bleeding Kansas • Pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters rushed to Kansas to impose their government; violence soon broke out • Pro-slavery supporters burn the town of Lawrence, KS • Anti-slavery forces led by John Brown retaliate in the Pottawatomie Massacre

8. The Caning of Sen. Charles Sumner

9. The Dred Scott Decision (1857) • Scott sued for his freedom because he had lived in the NW Territory where was banned • Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that Scott had no right to sue • He also wrote that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional (legalized slavery in the territories)

10. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) • Abraham Lincoln ran against Stephen Douglas for Senator • Douglas strongly defended the idea of popular sovereignty; called Lincoln a dangerous abolitionist • Lincoln took a strong stand against the spread of slavery • Douglas won by a slim margin

11. Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Va. (1859) • John Brown and other abolitionists hoped to seize guns and lead a slave rebellion • U.S. troops led by Robert E. Lee capture Brown; the North mourns as he is hanged • Southerners fear there are more like Brown and that the North wants to destroy their way of life-Militias begin to form

12. The Election of 1860 • The Democratic party split, and Republican Abraham Lincoln won with only 39.8% of the popular vote • Lincoln did not win one Southern state; showed how divided the nation had become • The South felt they had no voice in government; S. Carolina secedes in Dec. 1860

13. Lincoln Takes Office (1861) • In his inaugural address, Lincoln promises to not touch slavery in the South • The newly formed Confederate States of America began to seize federal property in the South • When Lincoln attempted to re-supply Ft. Sumter, Confederates attacked and seized the fort