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A NATION DIVIDED

This quiz explores key concepts and groups that emerged in the 1960s as part of the New Left movement, including Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Free Speech Movement (FSM). It highlights significant events such as the anti-war protests and the role of various classes in the military draft system, emphasizing the racial and socio-economic tensions of the time. Students will define important terms, analyze group dynamics, and reflect on the growing discontent with the Vietnam War, illustrating the diverse perspectives that shaped public opinion in the era.

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A NATION DIVIDED

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  1. A NATION DIVIDED CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3

  2. QUIZ: SECTION 3 • DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: • THE NEW LEFT • STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY • FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT • DOVE • HAWK

  3. VOCABULARY • THE NEW LEFT • STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (S.D.S.) • FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.) • DOVES • HAWKS

  4. IMPORTANT DATES • 1959: SDS FOUNDED • 1964: FSM FOUNDED • 1967: • ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON WASHINGTON • McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS RESIGNATION

  5. ANTI-WAR PROTEST • U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM • ALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTER • DRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MEN • SYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATED • LARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTED • HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED? • MEDICAL “DEFERMENT” (Define) • ENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARD • “CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION” (Define) • COLLEGE DEFERMENT • LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA) • RESULT? • MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT KNEW HOW TO MANIPULATE THE SYSTEM • MANY WHO COULDN’T AVOID DRAFT WERE WORKING CLASS

  6. ANTI-WAR PROTEST • 80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME FROM WORKING CLASS • WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF DRAFTEES? • AFRICAN-AMERICANS • WORKING CLASS WHITES • LATINOS • PROBLEMS? • RESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWS • EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE AFRICAN-AMERICAN • RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S. GROWS • EX: 1969: RACE RIOT @ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.

  7. ANTI-WAR PROTEST • SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-NAM: • U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT UNITS • 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES, SPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDES • WHERE? • ARMY • NAVY • RED CROSS • U.S.O. • U.S.O.: DID / DOES WHAT? • PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES, ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)

  8. ROOTS OF OPPOSITION • 1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY ACTIVE • COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY • WHY? • JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE INVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUES • GROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE • BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL COLLEGE STUDENTS • WHO? “THE NEW LEFT” • DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY • EXAMPLES? • S.D.S: BEGAN @ U. OF MICHIGAN • F.S.M. BEGAN @ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY • DID WHAT? • CALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS • CRITICIZED “THE MACHINE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE

  9. F.S.M. Rally @ UC-Berkley, 1964

  10. PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWS • 1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFERMENTS • HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN GOOD ACADEMIC STANDING • REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES INCREASE • LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S. • MAJOR PROTESTS: • SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000 • OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000 • ENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH @ PENTAGON • 1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED

  11. DIVIDED OPINIONS • DOVES: Define • HAWKS: Define • 1967: MEDIA POLL RESULTS: • 2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED • 50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD HELP WIN WAR • 70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE DISLOYAL ACTS

  12. FAMOUS SLOGANS • “HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!” • “BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!” • “DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!” • “HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!” • “AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!” • “SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”

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