Presentation Transcript

1. Chapter 21: A Nation Divided

   21.1– Compromise over slavery worked for years. But as the country expanded west, the question of slave and free land/states increased, and the issue couldn’t be ignored. It was a moral issue!
2. 21.2: Confronting the issue about Slavery States North of the Ohio River = free states Alabama = slave state Missouri???? See map on page 404)
3. 21.2: Questions about Missouri What to do with lands west of the Mississippi River? If a state west of the Mississippi River was slave, would slavery spread to all future states in the Louisiana Territory?
4. 21.2: Tallmedge Amendment New York Rep. Tallmedge proposed that Missouri be admitted to the Union as a free state Southern reps said slave/free was for the people of that state to decide, not for Congress to decide Southern states were fans of states’ rights
5. 21.2: A Deadlocked Congress Tall. Amendment passed in the HOR Tall. Amendment failed in the Senate
6. 21.3: The Missouri Compromise Made in 1820 The South talked of secession North said “bring it on!” (see map on page 404)
7. 21.3: The Compromised is Reached Henry Clay of Kentucky Maine = free state Missouri = slave state 36 30 parallel line States above line = free States below line = slave Kept a balance of power in Congress
8. 21.3: Reactions to the Compromise Northerners called their reps traitors for allowing Missouri to become a slave state Southerners didn’t like the ban on slavery in unorganized territories Sec. State John Quincy Adams agreed that slavery could dissolve/break up the union
9. Summary Sentence Debate continued over free/slave states. Tallmedge Amendment failed, but the Missouri Compromised passed in 1820 with Maine as a free state and Missouri admitted as a slave state. Both sides still unhappy.
10. 21.4: The Missouri Compromise Unravels 2nd Great Awakening causes people to rethink about slavery More people join the abolitionist movement
11. 21.4: The “Gag” Rule Congress votes to table all anti-slavery petitions/ideas John Quincy Adams proposes that no one can be born into slavery after 1845 His idea is not even considered by Congress Gag = can’t talk about it… silenced!
12. 21.4: Southern Fears Abolitionists continue to attack slavery in the media and in meetings Nat Turner led a huge slave rebellion in 1831 As a result of the rebellion, the south made stricter laws to control slaves They were afraid of more rebellions
13. 21.4: Fugitive Slaves Runaway slaves Slaveholders demanded that Congress pass a Fugitive Slave law to help return their property
14. 21.4: Slavery in the Territories Wilmot Proviso proposed that no land gained from the war with Mexico (Mexican Cession) have slaves Passed in the HOR but failed in the Senate (just like the Tallmedge Amendment)
15. 21.4: Statehood of California North wanted California to join the US as a free state Congress was deadlocked about Cal. South threatened to secede again California was a huge piece of land with valuable resources and a big population
16. 21.5: The Compromise of 1850 Proposed by Henry Clay of Kentucky Needed Webster of Massachusetts for support in the North (see map on page 407)
17. 21.5: Something for Everyone North liked California admitted as a free state North liked that the slave trade was stopped in the nation’s capital Washington DC South liked the Fugitive Slave Act South liked that popular sovereignty was to be used in the Utah and New Mexico Territories
18. 21.5: The Compromise is Accepted Debated in Congress for 9 months Most were happy with the agreement South still a bit nervous
19. 21.6: The Compromise of 1850 Fails Clay and Webster hoped the Compromise of 1850 would quiet things down The debate intensified
20. 21.6: The Fugitive Slave Act Hard to enforce Slave hunters were hounded in the North The north refused to do something that was against their moral beliefs The Underground Railroad was used instead
21. 21.6: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Exposed the horrors of slavery Abolitionist movement gained support This book did for the Civil War what Common Sense did for the Revolutionary War
22. 21.6: Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas Nebrska Act An attempt by the south to make Cuba a southern state…didn’t work Douglas wanted to build a railroad across the northern plains to California which would increase settlements and population in the North Douglas made changes to please the South Popular sovereignty would be used in the Kansas and Nebraska Territories to determine if states would be free or slave (map on page 410)
23. 21.6: Bloodshed in Kansas After the Kansas Nebraska Act was passed in 1854 both the North and the South sent people to Kansas to influence the vote Kansas had 2 governments, one for slavery and one against slavery Slavery supporters burned hotels, homes, etc. in Lawrence, KS (abolitionist base in KS) Abolitionist John Brown retaliated by killing 5 men suspected of supporting slavery
24. 21.6: Violence in Congress Senator, Charles Sumner of Massachusetts strongly spoke out against violence in KS Copies of his speech were distributed all over and the north gained more support Sumner was later attacked by another Congressman Both side became more dedicated to their cause
25. 21.7: Dred Scott Decision A Missouri slave named Dred Scott traveled to Wisconsin where he was free according to the Missouri Compromise When he returned to Missouri he sued for his freedom thinking that his stay in Wisconsin made him a free man Judge Roger Taney said that Scott could not sue for freedom because he was not a citizen, he was property Taney also said that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and therefore his stay in Wisconsin didn’t make him a free man
26. 21.7: North’s View Hated it Taney’s ruling was a huge step backward for the abolitionists because the Constitution was not on their side
27. 21.7: South’s View South rejoiced at the verdict Hoped the issue of slavery in the territories had been settled
28. 21.8: From Compromise to Crisis The Dred Scott Case ruling made abolitionist realize that they needed a President to sway things in their favor They started a new party, the Republican Party, with the purpose of putting an end to the spread of slavery Lincoln ran for the Senate in Illinois Said a house divided against itself cannot stand The US had to be all one thing, all slave or all free
29. 21.8: The Lincoln Douglas Debates Ran against Stephen Douglas for the Illinois Senate seat Douglas thought the US could be half free and half slave Lincoln said slavery was a moral issue and could not be compromised Lincoln lost the election His arguments for the morality of slavery spread and made his quite popular
30. 21.8: John Brown’s Raid Extreme abolitionist John Brown organized a raid of an arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in 1859 The raid failed and all of Brown’s men were killed John Brown was hanged for treason
31. 12.8: North’s View Praised John Brown Thought he was a hero A martyr who died for the cause
32. 21.8: South’s View Thought John Brown was a crazy man Did not like the way the North viewed him and did not want to be citizens of a country that would praise such a man
33. 21.9: Election of 1860 and Secession 4 candidates Lincoln (Illinois) Republican Party Douglas (Illinois) Northern Democratic Party Breckenridge (Kentucky) Southern Democratic Party Bell Constitution (Tennessee)Union Party
34. 21.9: Lincoln is Elected President The Democratic Party split between Douglas and Breckenridge Lincoln won with only 40% of the vote
35. 21.9: North’s View Rejoiced that Lincoln won the presidency
36. 21.9: South’s View View South realized they were in the minority and that Congress would eventually outlaw slavery
37. 21.9: The South Secedes from the Union Lincoln made it clear that he would not compromise on slavery Delegates met in Charleston, South Carolina and voted to secede from the Union 1861 secession began
38. 21.9: Civil War Begins Lincoln said in his inaugural address that secession was wrong and unconstitutional April 12, 1861 the South fired on a federal Fort Sumter in South Carolina North surrendered
39. Material to gather and study for Chapter 21 Quiz Unit objective sheet A Nation Divided video guide 21.1-21.3 notes 21.4-21.6 notes 21.7-21.9 notes Election of 1860 graphic Cause graphic Causes chart Orange sheet on Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act and the Compromise of 1850 John Brown primary source analysis What else could you do to study?