1 / 31

A Divided Nation

A Divided Nation. The Debate over Slavery. Objective: Explain how the outcome of the Mexican War affected the debate over slavery. List the major provisions of the Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were given for supporting or opposing it.

suzy
Télécharger la présentation

A Divided Nation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. A Divided Nation

  2. The Debate over Slavery Objective: Explain how the outcome of the Mexican War affected the debate over slavery. List the major provisions of the Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were given for supporting or opposing it. Explain why the Fugitive Slave Act was controversial in the North.

  3. Missouri Compromise 1820

  4. Slavery in the Mexican Cession • Extend the Missouri Compromise line. • Northern want to prohibit slavery. • Wilmot Proviso is a bill that would ban slavery in Mexican Cession . This bill fuels sectionalism • Other want popular sovereignty to decide.

  5. Election 0f 1848 Free-Soil • Democrats and Whigs take not stand on slavery • Wilmot Proviso supporters form Free-Soil Party • Zachary Taylor barley wins. Democrats Whigs

  6. The California Problem • California applies for statehood. • They wanted to be a free state. • Southern opposed any new free states because it will upset balance of power.

  7. The U.S. in Mid-1850

  8. Congressional Power

  9. The Compromise of 1850

  10. The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay’s compromise for Mexican Cession and California. • California as free state. • Popular Sovereignty will decide in new territory. • Congress to pay Texas’s debts for land dispute. • End of Slave trade in Washington D.C. • New Fugitive slave law

  11. The Compromise of 1850 Responses • Antislavery northerners want California without restrictions. • Southerners reject it because it upsets balance. • Daniel Webster supports to preserve the Union. • It is Passed!!!

  12. The Fugitive Slave Act • Federal crime to help runaways • Officials can arrest fugitives even in free states. • Northerners oppose the law because no trial by jury. • northerners is attempted to free Anthony Burns. • Abolitionists write slave stories • Uncle Tom’s Cabin changes peoples views.

  13. Trouble in Kansas Objective: Explain how the different regions of the country reacted to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. List the ways people tried to settle the conflict over slavery in Kansas. Explain the series of violent events that showed growing division over slavery in the United States.

  14. The Election of 1852 The Democrats • Franklin Pierce from New Hampshire • Pleased southerners by promising to honor Compromise of 1850 and enforce Fugitive Slave Act. Whigs • War hero, Winfield Scott • Southerners don’t trust his commitment to Compromise of 1850.

  15. The Kansas-Nebraska Act The Railroad to Pacific • Stephen Douglas, wants railroad to the Pacific to run through Illinois. • Needs Louisiana Purchase to become a territory. • Missouri Compromise would make that land free States. Douglas and the Southerners • Southerners want railroad through the south • Douglas promises to open new territory to slavery.

  16. The Kansas-Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Act • Douglas proposes Kansas-Nebraska bill to Congress. • Divides the land into two territories call Kansas and Nebraska • Popular Soveignty will determine slavery. Response • Anti-slavery northerners said it violates the Missouri Compromise for slavery. • Pierce and Douglas convince Democrats to vote for it. • Passes in 1854

  17. “Bleeding Kansas” Kansas becomes a contest. Territory Elections • Held in March 1855 • Won by pro-slavery forces, with thousands of Missouri votes. Two governments • Territory legislature passed strict pro-slavery laws • Antislavery Kansans formed their own government • Pro-Slavery men attacked Lawrence. • John Brown killed proslavery men at Pottawatomie Massacre.

  18. “Bleeding Kansas” Violence in the Senate • Charles Sumner gave speech insulting Senator Andrew Pickens Butler of S.C. • Butler’s nephew, Representative Preston Brooks, beat Sumner badly with a cane in the Senate chamber. • Northerners are outraged. • Southerners send Brooks more canes.

  19. Political Divisions Objective: Explain how the Kansas-Nebraska Act affected U.S. political parties. Explain why Dred Scott sued for his freedom, and how did the Supreme Court rule on his case. Explain how Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas differed in their views on slavery.

  20. New Divisions Kansas-Nebraska Act impact • Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers and abolitionists form Republican Party. • Northern Democrats who voted for the Act are not re-elected • Whig Party split The Election of 1856 • Know-Nothing Party split • Democrats choose James Buchanan • Republicans choose John C. Fremont Election Returns • Buchanan won ,taking 14 of 15 slave states and 5 free states. • Fremont won remaining free states • Know-Nothing Party won M.D.

  21. The Dred Scott Decision The Case • Dred Scott-slave of a Missouri surgeon who traveled to Illinois. • Scott sues for freedom after owners death in Illinois Questions for Supreme Court • Is Scott a citizen? Can he sue? • Was he freed by going to free soil? • Is the ban on slavery in Louisiana territory legal? The Dred Scott decision • Roger B. Taney decides. (He was from a slave holding family.) • African Americas are not citizens • Scott is not free • Missouri Compromise is illegal.

  22. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Abraham Lincoln challenged Stephan Douglas for U.S. Senate seat • They hold seven debates across Illinois. • Lincoln argued to stop the spread of slavery in territories • Douglas announces Freeport Doctrine- American citizen have power to ban slavery not Congress. • Douglas won but Lincoln gains popularity in the Republican Party

  23. Secession Objectives: Explain how Americans reacted to John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry. Explain what factors led to Lincoln’s victory in the presidential election of 1860. Explain why some southern states decided to leave the Union.

  24. The Raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown • Planed to attack federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. • Want to arm slave for a slave revolt. John Brown’s Raid • 20 men including John Brown and his three sons • 10/16/1859, captured arsenal, but slaves did not join in. • White towns people fought back until the army arrived and captured Brown and his raiders

  25. Judging John Brown • Brown was convicted of Treason, murder and conspiracy of rebellion. • He was hanged in Dec. 1859 • Hero in the north • Some northern did not approve of the violence. • White southerners felt threatened and fear more attacks.

  26. The Election of 1860 The Election of 1860 • Democratic Party split-Stephen Douglas for the northern Democrats and John C. Breckinridge for the southern Democrats. A new party • Constitutional Union Party, nominated John Bell. Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln. Outcome • Lincoln only won 40 % • Lincoln didn’t win a southern state.

  27. Breaking with the Union Breaking with the Union • Constitution does not address secession or forming withdrawing from the Union. • S.C. seceded in Dec. 1860 fearing Lincoln would end slavery. • John J. Crittenden try to make the south happy with a series of proposed amendments. • Republican reject the proposals because they extend slavery.

  28. The Confederate States of America • By Feb. 1, 1861 7 states seceded. • SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, (The deep south) • They formed a new nation called Confederate States of America.

More Related