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Chapter 24

Chapter 24. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS. Lesson 1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Communicable Disease A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment Infection

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Chapter 24

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  1. Chapter 24 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS

  2. Lesson 1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

  3. Communicable Disease • A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment • Infection • A condition that occurs when pathogens in the body multiply and damage body cells • Virus • A piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat • Take their course in the body, the cells multiply until the immune system kills them off • Bacteria • Single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere • Most are harmless, some are helpful (digestion) • Toxins • Disease-causing bacteria • Substances that kill cells or interfere with their functions • Can be treated with an antibiotic • Fungi • Plantlike organisms, cause disease of the lungs, the mucous membrane, and the skin • Protozoa • Single-celled organism that are larger and more complex than bacteria • Rickettsias • Resemble bacteria, often enters the body through insect bites

  4. What are STDs? • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) • Infections spread from person to person through sexual contact • aka, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) • Communicable diseases • Viruses or Bacterial infections • In order for infection to occur, direct genital contact or the exchange of semen or other body fluids with someone infected must occur • Asymptomatic • The individual show no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and disappear after the onset of the infection

  5. Common STDs: the Top 6 • Genital HPV Infections • Caused by HPV (human papillomavirus) • Over 100 kinds • Cause genital warts, cervical cancer • Chlamydia • Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs • Most common STD among teens • Often produces no symptoms • Genital Herpes • Caused by herpes simplex virus • Herpes simplex 1 causes cold sores around the mouth • Herpes simplex 2 causes genital sores • Gonorrhea • Bacterial STD affecting the mucous membranes • Asymptomatic for males and mild symptoms for females • Left untreated can cause infertility • Trichomoniasis • Caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra and bladder • Vaginitis • Inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching • Syphilis • Caused by a spirochete, small bacterium • Develop sores in the genital area • Three stages: sore, rash, damage of internal organs

  6. The STD Epidemic • Epidemic • Disease outbreak that affects people in the same place and at the same time • Pandemic • A global outbreak of an infectious disease • The US is currently facing an STD epidemic • 19 million people are infected with an STD • Half are under the age of 24 • Go undiagnosed or untreated: • Embarrassment or fear • Lack of symptoms • Misinformation • Notification policies

  7. Lesson 2 Preventing and Treating STDs

  8. Prevention Through Abstinence • Most successful in preventing STDs • Bacterial infections can be treated or cured with antibiotics • A class of chemical agents that destroy disease-causing microorganisms while leaving the patient unharmed • Viral infections are incurable • STDs left untreated or not diagnosed early can result in serious permanent damage or long-term health consequences

  9. Guidelines for Staying Committed to Abstinence • Set personal limits on physical affection • Avoid dating someone who is sexually active or who pressures you to go beyond your limits • Avoid situations where you may feel pressured to engage in sexual activity • Avoid people who make fun of your decisions or urge high-risk behaviors • Choose group outings where you can enjoy the company of friends and avoid pressure to engage in sexual activity • Be clear about your decision to practice abstinence • Practice refusal skills

  10. High-Risk Behaviors • Being sexually active with more than one person • Engaging in unprotected sex • Engaging in sexual activity with high-risk partners • Using alcohol and other drugs

  11. HPV Vaccine • A vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer, precancerous genital lesions (or sores), and genital warts caused by genital HPV infection • Protects against 4 types of HPV infections

  12. Diagnosing and Treating STDs

  13. Genital HPV Infections

  14. Chlamydia

  15. Gonorrhea

  16. Trichomoniasis

  17. Syphilis

  18. And More….

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