1. Part 2 Chapter 24

2. Gospel of Wealth • Written by Carnegie • Rich should donate to causes which improve society • Plutocracy – government controlled by wealthy • Social Darwinism • “Natural Selection” • God chose them to be wealthy

3. Sherman Anti-trust Act • 1890 • Limit monopolies • Law was ineffective • Loopholes • All trusts suffered

4. American Tobacco Company • James Buchanan Duke • 1890 • Machine made cigarettes

5. Southern industry setback • Railroads charged more shipping North then south • “Pittsburgh plus” • Steel from south charged large fee, no matter where it was shipped • Cotton • Northern capital created cotton mills • Paid low wages

6. Economy • Agriculture -> Manufacturing • Wage earning • Women Workers • Typewriter • Telephone switchboard

7. Unions • Contested wages, hours, and conditions • National Labor Union (1866) • 600,000 members • Colored National Labor Union • Knights of Labor (1861; secret till 1881) • Terence Powderly • All workers in one union • Economic and social reform • American Federation of Labor (AFL – 1886) • Samuel Gompers • Included only skilled workers • Association of Unions

8. Haymarket Square Fire • Chicago 1886 • Rally of striking workers • Dynamite Bomb • 8 anarchists convicted • Blamed on Knights of Labor

9. Cripple Creek Strike (1894) • 8hr day @ $3/hr 10hr day @ $3 or 8hr day @ $2.50/hr • Western Federation of Miners • State militia supported strikers

10. Pullman Strike (1894) • Pullman, IL • Pullman Palace Car Company • American Railway Union (Eugene V. Debs) • 250,000 workers • U.S. Military ordered by Cleveland stepped in • Violated Sherman Anti-Trust • Stopped U.S. Mail • Safety issues

11. Pullman Strike

12. Leadville Miner’s Strike (1896) • Increased wages • (Had been lowered Panic 1893) • Union defeated • WFM became more radical

13. Newsboys strike (1899) • NY City • Youth lead against Pulitzer and Hearst • Successful