Gamal Abdel Nasser

1. Gamal Abdel Nasser Khalani Chapman Edgardo Vera-Vera

2. Biography • Born in January 15, 1918 in Alexandria, Egypt • Raised in a family of decent accommodations in the village of BeniMurr • Educated in the Cairo Military Academy

3. Biography (cont.) • Strongly disliked the British army and never accepted their presence in Egypt, and participated in Anti-British rallies as a teenager • During this time he became deeply interested in politics • In 1937 he joined the Royal military academy • During his attendance in the military academy, he was faced with intense discussions involving the grievances of poverty, imperialism, and the power of the landed aristocracy

4. Early life • In 1938 he joined the Egyptian army. Where he met Anwar Sadat and Zakara Molhi el Deen  • During this time Egypt was controlled by Britain which used King Farouk as a figurehead to make sure there will was done • During this period of time there was a lot of widespread corruption within the government and the barrier between rich and poor had become increasingly larger • During this time nationalistic groups started to arrive began to rise to fight the injustice, which inspired Nasser

5. Free officer movement • In 1939 Nasser became one of the founding member of the Free officers organization whose purpose was to stop British occupation. • In 1950 Nasser became the leader of the organization • They eventually started there own newspaper and eventually published their own manifesto which listed their ideals and stated the injustices of the current Egyptian monarchy

6. Coup • On July 22, 1952, Nasser and his allies staged a military coup and the former Egyptian monarchy became a Republic. (The British had left 4 years later) • The Free Officers exiled King Farouk Nasser remained in control of the Revolutionary Command Council and worked with the new prime minister Muhammad Naguib to policies for the new republic. • It was the Revolutionary Command Council that had most of the power.

7. Nasser takes control • As time went on Nasser figured that he did not like the prime minister that much, since he would constantly side against Nasser and his allies. • Only 2 years after the coup there was an assassination attempt on Nasser, believing it was the prime ministers idea he had Muhammad Naguibarrested and Nasser took the position of Prime minister • Two years later Nasser was voted president and became leader of the Egyptian republic

8. Nasser takes control(con’t) • When Nasser became leader he banned all opposing political parties and integrated the more liberal parties into his. • He ran the country through Socialism and Islam became the official religion of the nation • Throughout his rule he kept a tight control on the politics of Egypt and keeping a tight grip on right wing supporters

9. Suez Canal • Since the British were gone, Egypt had full control of the Suez canal which meant the end of western domination • The control of the Canal by Egypt made England, France, and the United States furious. Which meant they would stop supporting Egypt especially in terms of firearms since they believed that Egypt would attack Israel • With the loss of support from the west, Nasser turned to the Soviet Union to supply them with weapons. • Soon enough a fight between Egypt and the trio of Israel, Britain, and France ensued

10. Egypt • The war ended up being stopped by the United Nations and the United States, and the United States worked to help with repairs to Egypt after the war in fear of Egypt going to the Soviet Union for support. • The Egyptians maintained control of the canal, and with the money gained controlling the Canal and Nasser’s policies Egypt went had become a much wealthier nation.

11. In 1958 Nasser successfully United Egypt and Syria to become the United Arab republic, with Yemen joining later on, With Nasser as president • In 1961 the relationship with Syria broke off due to a military coup, and Yemen left soon after, which hurt his political standing. • In 1967, Israel attacked Egypt and was victorious taking some of Egypt’s land, Nasser was so embarresed at the defeat he handed in his resignation, yet he was so popular with the people they asked him to stay.

12. Death • In 1969 he waged another war with Israel that eventually ended with a ceasefire agreement in 1970. In the end Nasser did not gain back the land that was previously lost • On September 28, 1970, Nasser had died suddenly of a heart attack, with his death came a long period of morning throughout Egypt and within the Arab world alike. Though he was known for having a semi police state and censoring the media, to his people he was a patriot who ended the British occupation, and helped Egypt become a prosperous nation.

13. Emergence • Aim: -remove British influence from Egypt-remove the Royal Family-establish a new government in whichthearmywouldhavetotake a lead in • Ideology: -unification of Arabs-getrid of imperialism in theArabWorld-left-wing nationalist • upport:-used his influence in the Military Academy to express his views to young officers-anti-britishdemonstrators

14. Establishment • Methods:-organized a bloodless revolt against the Royal Family and King Farouk - Gen.Neguibbecame leader butresignedduetohislack of politicalskill and choseNassertosucceedhim • Government: - hadestablished a veryleft-wing “UnitedArabRepublic” • Opposition:-mainly members of the Muslim Brotherhood, Christian Egyptians(copts) and communists-had his opposition arrested -multiple leaders of the Brotherhood were executed-made Egypt an Islamic Nation thus many christians left

15. Policies • Political:-reduced oil exports to Western Europe, formed the Revolution Command Council to keep military hold in government • Economical:-nationalize the Suez Canal for revenue, began construction of Aswan Dam • Social:-redistributed land in Egypt, advocated Arab independence, raised average living standard

16. Foreign Relations • Created great tension with Britain and France after nationalizing the Suez Canal • Less dependent on Western aide through an arms treaty with Czechoslovakia • After attacking Israel and being defeated, Egypt lost land

17. Comparing to Hitler • Got rid of opposition when achieved power • Very strong nationalistic views and strived for the best for their country • Used military to achieve dominance • Both tried to increase military power to keep control of government

18. Comparing to Hitler • Got rid of opposition when achieved power • Very strong nationalistic views and strived for the best for their country • Used military to achieve dominance • Both tried to increase military power to keep control of government

19. Contrasts to Hitler • Right-wing ultra-nationalist • Rose to power legally by being appointed chancellor, got rid of opposition and put his followers in the Reichstag • Used his personal army to kill “enemies of the state” and undesirables • Wanted to remove Jews from Germany since they were the cause of the hardships

20. Contrasting to Hitler(cont.) • Foreign policy- took over neighboring nations and forced Nazism on controlled-foreign nations • Declared Germans were the master race and all else was inferior • Killed over 6,000,000 people during his rule

21. Works Cited • Feinstein, Stephen C., and Feinstein Stephen C. "Gamal Abdel Nasser." Great Lives From History: The Twentieth Century (2008): 1. Biography Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. 2013 • "Gamal Abdel Nasser." Gamal Abdel Nasser. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. • "Gamal Abdel Nasser." Gamal Abdel Nasser. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. • "Gamal Abdel Nasser (president of Egypt)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. • "Middle East Conflict." Enotes.com. Enotes.com, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. • Robert St., John. "Nasser, Gamal Abdel." Britannica Biographies (2012): 1. Biography Reference Center. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.