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Air quality, ozone and aerosols in Asia. A model study Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen 1,2 , Terje K. Berntsen 1,2 , Gunnar Myhre 1,2 , Ivar S.A. Isaksen 1,2 , Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh 3 , & Le Hoang Nghiem 3,4.

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  1. Air quality, ozone and aerosols in Asia.A model studyTore Flatlandsmo Berglen1,2, Terje K. Berntsen1,2, Gunnar Myhre1,2, Ivar S.A. Isaksen1,2, Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh3,& Le Hoang Nghiem3,4 1 Dep of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway2 CICERO, Oslo, Norway3 Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand4 Now at: Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  2. Outline ● OsloCTM2 model description ● Overview of chemical modules ● Results and discussion; a focus on Asia. Gases and aerosols ● Summary and conclusion Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  3. 1°×1° is a very fine resolution for a global model, we approach a spatial scale previously known from regional models. Advantage: avoid noise from boundary conditions. May perform regional AND global studies using the same model runs. OsloCTM2 has the most important gas and aerosol processes included. May study both air quality AND climate issues. What is the main improvement?? Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  4. OsloCTM2 model description ● Global Chemical Transport Model ●T21 (5,6°×5,6°) to 1°×1° horizontal resolution ● 19, 40 or 60 layers (σ-coordinates) ● Meteorological data from IFS model at ECMWF (“real weather”), updated every 3 hours. Consistent data. ● Transport; Second Order Moments ● Boundary layer mixing; Holtslag et al. (1990) ● Meteorological data for 2004 Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  5. Overview of chemical modules ● Tropospheric chemistry [● Stratospheric chemistry] ● Sulphur chemistry ● Sea salt ● Nitrate ● Mineral dust ● Organic Carbon / Black Carbon [● Secondary Organic Aerosols (in progress)] Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  6. Results and discussion; a focus on Asia ● Air quality ● Surface concentrations ● Ozone, NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, mineral dust ● Harmful, important for public health Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  7. ● Tropospheric ozone O3: - 51 components included in NOx-HC–O3 chemistry (QSSA) 31. January 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  8. OsloCTM2 vs. CMAQ-MM5: High O3 in dry season (2004) ● OsloCTM2 Bangkok MR 26-29 January 24-26 March ● CMAQ-MM5 Bangkok MR Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  9. OsloCTM2 vs. EANET: Monthly mean O3 2004 Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  10. ● Ammonium NH4+ & nitrate NO3- : • - EQSAM module, thermodynamic package by Metzger et al., JGR (2002) • Fine mode and coarse mode particles • Ammonium first neutralize sulphuric acid ((NH4)2SO4) • If more ammonia available, ammonium nitrate can form (NH4NO3) • - Then sea salt may react with HNO3 (coarse mode) Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  11. ● Ammonium NH4+: 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  12. ● Nitrate NO3-: 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  13. Comparison with observations Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  14. ● Sulphate SO42-: • Sulphur module from Berglen et al., JGR, (2004) • - DMS, SO2, sulphate, H2S & MSA • Sulphur calculated on-line with tropospheric oxidants; • SO2 is oxidized by OH in gas phase, O3, H2O2, HO2NO2 & metals in aqueous phase. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  15. ● Sulphate SO42-: 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  16. Comparison with observations Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  17. OsloCTM2 vs. EANET: Annual mean SO42- 2004 (Hanoi not included) Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  18. ● Mineral dust: 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  19. ● AOD results Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  20. Summary and Conclusion ● OsloCTM2 in 1°×1° resolution is a fine scale for a global model ● Captures regional phenomena ● Represents well diurnal variation (chemistry and transport) ● Detailed meteorology ● Detailed gas and aerosol schemes. ● Some discrepancies exist, still work to be done (as always) ● Contact: t.f.berglen@geo.uio.no Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  21. Sulphur in OsloCTM2 Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  22. Results and discussion, cont’d ● Tropospheric chemistry: CO 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

  23. ● Tropospheric chemistry: Ozone 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007

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