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Basic Chemistry V

Basic Chemistry V. Vladimíra Kvasnicová. Exercise. meth ane. hex ane. eth ane. 3- meth yl pent ane. Exercise. cis but -2- ene. trans but -2- ene. http://www.gunthersclass.com/24_10.jpg. Exercise. trans 1,2-di chloro cyclo hex ane. cis 1,2-di chloro cyclo hex ane.

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Basic Chemistry V

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  1. Basic Chemistry V Vladimíra Kvasnicová

  2. Exercise methane hexane ethane 3-methylpentane

  3. Exercise cisbut-2-ene transbut-2-ene http://www.gunthersclass.com/24_10.jpg

  4. Exercise trans1,2-dichlorocyclohexane cis1,2-dichlorocyclohexane http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Geometric_isomerism

  5. Exercise Call the compound using the general rule of naming: locant-substituent(s)-prefix-locant of multiplebond-suffix CH3-CH2-CH(CH2CH2CH3)-CH=CH-C(CH3)2-CH3 5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloct-3-ene other substituents than alkyls: F = fluoro, Cl = chloro, Br = bromo, I = iodo NO2 = nitro

  6. Hydrocarbon derivatives carboxylic acid R-COOH • aliphatic / -oic acid (-dioic acid) / - tricarboxylic acid • cyclic / - carboxylic acid • hydrocarbon–oic acid (propanoic acid) • common names (propionic acid) reactions: dissociation→ carboxylate (= anion) reduction→ aldehyde

  7. Hydrocarbon derivatives sulfonic acid R-SO3H • sulfo-/ sulfonic acid • hydrocarbonsulfonic acid (methane sulfonic acid) reactions: dissociation→ sulfonate (= anion) reduction→ thiol

  8. Hydrocarbon derivatives aldehyde R-CHO • aliphatic formyl- / -al • cyclic - carbaldehyde • hydrocarbon–al (methanal) • common names (formaldehyde) reactions: oxidation→ carboxylic acid reduction→ primary alcohol

  9. Hydrocarbon derivatives ketone R1-CO-R2 • aliphatic oxo- or keto- / -one • cyclic unsaturated diketones = quinones • hydrocarbon–one (propanone) • hydrocarbon rests ketone (dimethyl ketone) • common names (acetone) reactions: reduction→ secondary alcohol

  10. Hydrocarbon derivatives alcohol R-OH • aliphatic hydroxy- / -ol (-diol, -triol) • aromatic = phenols common names • sulfur-containing = thiolssulfanyl- / -thiol • hydrocarbon–ol (methanol) • hydrocarbon restalcohol (methyl alcohol) reactions: oxidation→ aldehyde or ketone dehydration→ unsaturated hydrocarbon

  11. Hydrocarbon derivatives amine R-NH2 R1-NH-R2 R1-N(R2)-R3 • amino- / -amine (-diamine) • hydrocarbon rest(s)–amine (propylamine) • hydrocarbon-amine (propaneamine) reactions: oxidation→ nitro compound protonation→ ammonium cation

  12. Hydrocarbon derivatives ether R1-O-R2 • alk(yl)oxy- / -ether • sulfur-containing = sulfide / - sulfide R1-S-R2 • hydrocarbon restsether (ethyl propyl ether)

  13. Hydrocarbon derivatives halogen derivative R-X X = F, Cl, Br, I halogeno-/ (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-) • halogeno- hydrocarbon (chloromethane) nitro derivative R-NO2 nitro- / • nitro- hydrocarbon (nitromethane)

  14. Importantterms oxidation:dehydrogenation(-2 H),oxygenation(+O) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH → CH3-CO-COOH + 2 H reduction:hydrogenation(+2 H) CH3-CO-COOH + 2 H →CH3-CH(OH)-COOH hydration /dehydration HOOC-CH=CH-COOH +H2O HOOC-CH2-CH(OH)-COOH

  15. CH3-COOH CH3-COO- CH3-CO- CH2(NH2)-COOH acetic acid acetate acetyl glycine Important carboxylic acids - C2

  16. CH3-CH2-COOH CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH CH3-CH(OH)-COOH CH3-CO-COOH HOOC-CH2-COOH propionic acid alanine lactic acid pyruvic acid malonic acid Important carboxylic acids – C3

  17. CH3-CH2-CH2-COOHC4 CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-COOH CH3-CO-CH2-COOH HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH HOOC-CH=CH-COOHtrans HOOC-CH(OH)-CH2-COOH HOOC-CO-CH2-COOH HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-CONH2 butyric ac. -hydroxybutyric acetoacetic acid succinic acid fumaric acid malic acid oxaloacetic acid aspartic acid asparagine

  18. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH HOOC-CO-CH2-CH2-COOH HOOC-CH(NH2)-(CH2)2-COOH HOOC-CH(NH2)-(CH2)2-CONH2 valeric acid valine glutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric glutamic acid glutamine C5

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