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Unit 3 notes. Alien and sedition act- Alien act- allowed govt to arrest, detain and remove foreigners deemed untrustworthy Sedition act- limited free speech and expression Helped federalist because republicans relied on immigrant vote. Adams appoints midnight Judges.
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Alien and sedition act- • Alien act- allowed govt to arrest, detain and remove foreigners deemed untrustworthy • Sedition act- limited free speech and expression • Helped federalist because republicans relied on immigrant vote
Adams appoints midnight Judges. • Congress repealed judiciary act of 1801 which did away with Adams Midnight judges( Federalist) • Marbury Vs. Madison- established Judicial Review
Western Expansion • Jefferson believed only way republic could survived if people owned their own land. • 1803 Napoleon(leader of France) needing money to pay for war to take over Europe • He sold Louisiana for 15 million • Called Louisiana purchase • This doubled the size of the U.S. • Thomas Jefferson president during purchase
North West Ordnance • 1787- Congress passed the North West ordinance- established a set of principles and procedures for statehood, applied first to states carved out of the Northwest territory. • Guaranteed civil liberties, established guidelines for statehood, encouraged education, and banned slavery for entire region.
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark along with Sacagawea- explored Louisiana purchase and claimed Oregon territory
Britain started using impressments to get more troops. This help start the war of 1812 • Kidnapping American solders.
War of 1812 Madison’s War • Battle of Tippecanoe shattered native American confidence in their leaders. • British fleet land in Washington DC. And set the white house and capital on fire. • Battle of New Orleans- Andrew Jaskson’s decisive victory over the British made him a hero. • Because of war : Nationalism emerged-loyalty and devotion to a nation • and we got the star spangled banner • Treaty of Ghent – ended the war
Chapter 7 Let the GOOD Times Roll • The Monroe presidency was called the Era of Good Feelings
Economic Nationalism- • John C Calhoun got the second national bank started • After war cheap British goods flooded U.S. • Protective tariff- tax
Judicial Nationalism • Between 1816 and 1824 John Marshall- ruled in three cases that established the power of the Fed. Govt • 1. Matin V. Hunter’s lessee- helped establish the supreme court as the nation’s court of final appeal • 2. McCulloch V. Maryland- Second bank was constiutional because necessary and proper
3. Gibbons V Ogden- constitution granted the federal govt control over interstate commerce. • All trade along coast and waterways dividing states. • What is interstate commerce
Nationalist Diplomacy • Nationalism in the United States influences the nation to expand its borders and assert itself in world affairs. • 1800’s southern mad at Spanish held Florida? • Slaves run away • Andrew Jackson seized Spanish settlements in Fl and removed Gov. of Florida.
Adams-onis treaty – Spain ceded all of Fl. To the U.S. and finalized the western border of the Louisiana purchase • Monroe Doctrine- the U.S. would prevent other countries from interfering in Latin American political affairs. • Told all European countries to stay out of the western hemisphere.
Chapter 7-2 • Moving West • Steamboat 1807 • Steam locomotive establishing Railroad reaching Mississippi River.
Erie Canal Opened in 1825- Connecting lake Erie to the west with the Hudson River to the east. • Canals and Railroads helped products move west and farmers products to move east. • Because of the Erie Canal and other transportation advances -New York – became America central point for American trade and banking
Industrial revolution • Industrial revolution began in England 1700’s • Industrialization-involved a transition from manual to power driven factory labor. • Workers in factories did not do skilled jobs
Plantation owners in the south turned to cotton • Eli Whitney received a patent for the cotton gin. • Separated the seed from cotton. • The effect was:increased slavery
Industrialization started to happen in the United States around 1800. • Driven by the textile industry • New England had textile miles and the south supplied them and England with cotton • Cotton production and the growing textile industry helped the u.s. get its economic independence.
Steam powered engines was used to help industrialization in the country. • Eli Whitney used interchangeable parts (muskets) and invented the cotton gin
Samuel F.B. morse- perfected the telegraph in 1832 • Industrialization caused people to move out of rural farms and villages? Where did they go?? • People were in search of factory jobs with higher wages.
Southern Economy • Cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugarcane • Cotton gin made planters rich. • Europe wants more cotton than ever • Slaves tripled • South did not industrialize like north.
Labor Unions- trying to improve working conditions • Strikes- not going to work • What begins to happen to family farm? • North industry • South farming
Society in the South • Class structure developed in South • Top plantation owners- dominated the regions economy and political and legal system • Yeoman farmers- ordinary farmers who usually worked the land themselves(made up most of the white population in south) • Rural poor- hunted fished, and gardened, and raised own croups. • Slaves- made up the bottom of southern society
Slavery • Two labor systems • Task system- was used on small farms and plantations. Had to finish certain task each day • Gang system- enslaved person put in gangs from sunup to sundown • Fredrick Douglass- became head of the antislavery movement
Nat turner- an enslaved minister who believed that God chose him to free his people. • Led a slave revolt and followers killed 50 white people • Slave codes became tighter because of this revolt
Missouri compromise- admitting maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state • Banned slavery in all land with in the Louisiana purchase lying above the 36 30 N parallel. With the exception of Missouri.
Election of 1824- candidates • Henry Clay – • John Quincy Adams- • Andrew Jackson- heroism • Jackson’s supports accused adams and clay of a corrupt bargain.
Jackson’s supporters took the name Democratic-republicans- later known as what? • Adam’s party- national republicans • Election of 1828 • John Quincy adams and Andrew Jackson • Campaigned turned into mudslinging • Jackson won the elcetion
Jacksonian Democracy • Jacksonian democracy refers to presidency of Andrew Jackson • He expanded the power of federal government • Encouraged people from all social classes to vote • Universial white male suffarage • Indian removal act- gave funds to relocate Indians • He defied supreme court decision to not remove the Cherokee from Ga. (Worcester v. GA) • Spoil system- political supports rewarded with jobs
Jacksonian Democracy • Thousands of Natives died on a force removal what was known as trail of tears.
Nullification Crisis • South Carolina threatened to secede from union over tariffs and states rights • John C. Calhoun- argued that southern states had the right to nullify any law if it wasn’t in their best interest • Cotton still dependent- divided country. • Monroe doctrine direction America's foreign policy.
Jackson ends the second national bank of the United states. • Hurting western farmers • Whigs emerged from the former national republican party • Whigs –wanted to expand the nation govt. • Jackson- Democrats ( no expansion.) • 1836 election Van Buren wins election • What party is he from?
Panic of 1837- • Thousands of farms foreclosed and employment soared. • Whigs won the 1840 election Harrison won the election • Died 32 days later and Tyler became president.
8-2 New Immigration • Massive influx of immigrants between 1815-1860. • Religious and political reason • 2 million came from Ireland. • Potato Famine in 1845 • Settled in North east and worked as unskilled • Germans settled in Midwest • started on farms and businesses
Nativism- hostility towards foreigners among many Americans appeared. • Anti-catholic sentiments towards catholic immigrants led to rise of nativist groups. • Delegates formed the american party. • When members questioned they answered they know nothing. • As a result the party was nicknamed the Know nothings.
Second great awakening- this movement promoted the belief that all people could attain grace by readmitting God and Christ into their lives • New denominations- • Joseph smith- founded Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day saints • Mormons- moved to Illinois from New England. • Brigham Young- moved the Mormons to Utah.
Reform Spirit • Mid 1800’s – reform society • Dorothea Dix worked for improved treatment of the mentally ill • Lyman Beecher established the benevolent societies- at first started to spread God’s message later to combat social problems • What is the major cause of crime and poverty.
Reformers advocated temperance or moderation in consumption of alcohol called temperance. • Improving prison conditions. States build penitentiaries. Rehabilitation • Horace Mann- focused on education reform. He is responsible for the education system we know today • Pushed public education and backed a states board of education in Mass.
Education reformers generally had men in mind • 1850’s educational opportunities started for women. • Emma Willard- founded a girls’ boarding school that taught academics subjects. • Mary Lyon- founded 1st institution of higher education for women only.
