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Understanding Kernel, Processes, and Threads in Windows and Linux Architecture

This article explores the fundamental components of operating systems, focusing on kernel architecture, processes, and threads in both Windows and Linux environments. We delve into the concepts of microkernels and monolithic kernels, detailing how they interact with hardware through the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL). Key processes, execution contexts, and thread scheduling mechanisms are discussed for both platforms. Additionally, the article highlights the Linux kernel's modular components and the importance of interprocess communication, memory management, and file system management.

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Understanding Kernel, Processes, and Threads in Windows and Linux Architecture

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  1. Kernel, processes and threads Windows and Linux

  2. Windows Architecture • Operating system design • Modified microkernel • Layered • Components • HAL • Interacts with hardware, drives device components on mainboard • Abstracts hardware specifics that differ between systems of the same architecture • Microkernel • Basic system mechanisms • Thread scheduling, interrupt dispatching, etc.

  3. Kernel information

  4. Process and Thread • Process • Execution context • Program code • Resources • Associated threads • Threads: units of execution • Process and threads are objects

  5. Thread Scheduling

  6. Processes information

  7. Linux Architecture • Monolithic kernel • Contains modular components, however • UNIX-like or UNIX-based operating system • Six primary subsystems: • Process management • Interprocess communication • Memory management • File system management • VFS: provides a single interface to multiple file systems • I/O management • Networking

  8. Linux Kernel Architecture

  9. Process and Thread Organization

  10. Process information

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