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Understanding Roman Military Units: From Contubernium to Legion Structure

This guide explores the structure and hierarchy of Roman military units, focusing on the Contubernium, Century, Cohort, and Legion. A Contubernium consists of 8 men sharing a tent, one mule, and cooking gear. The Century, comprised of 80 men commanded by a Centurion, forms a key component of the Cohort, which includes 6 Centuries and over 480 men. The Legion is a larger formation of about 5,000 men under the command of a Legatus, helped by Military Tribunes. Additionally, the role of the Praetorian Guard in both early and imperial Rome is highlighted.

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Understanding Roman Military Units: From Contubernium to Legion Structure

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  1. Military Units Contubernium (Tent Group) – 8 men sharing one tent, one mule, and cooking gear Century – 80 men, commanded by Centurion (an NCO) Cohort – 6 Centuries, 480+ men Legion – 10 Cohorts (one a headquarters unit), about 5,000 men, commanded by Legatus, who was assisted by 6 Military Tribunes.

  2. Dux, either Consul, Proconsul, Praetor, or Propraetor, general in charge of campaign. Praetorian Guard- Early – a cohort selected for excellence to protect general (Dux). Cf. Mark Antony Empire – 9 cohorts garrisoned in Rome as bodyguard for emperor, called cohors togata.

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