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Analysis of Tattoo Inks: Harmonized Methods?

This analysis examines the need for harmonized methods in the analysis of tattoo inks. It discusses the various players involved, such as manufacturers, importers/retailers, law enforcement, NGOs, and dermatologists, and highlights the benefits and drawbacks of harmonized methods. The article concludes that the need for harmonized methods depends on the specific question being addressed.

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Analysis of Tattoo Inks: Harmonized Methods?

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  1. Analysis of Tattoo inks:Do weneedharmonizedMethods?Christopher HohlKantonales Laboratorium Basel-StadtSwitzerland

  2. Whyanalyze, in thefirstplace? Generateinsights out ofsamples! Twobasicquestions: -Whatis in theink? -Howmuchofitis in theink? Kantonales Labor

  3. variousplayerseachwithspecificissues • ManufacturerIngredients:Did I getwhat I ordered? Importer/RetailerRivalproduct:Whatdidtheyuse? Inks:Did I getwhat I ordered? Are theyconformwith legal restrictions?Law enforcementweed out the rotten applesNGOAnythinghazardous on themarket? • DermatologistWhatcausedmypatients’ skinrash? servicelaboratoryMethods:Achievereliableresults at reasonablecosts- how? Kantonales Labor

  4. WhatdoesharmonizedMethodmean? • Analytical procedure,testedbyseverallaboratoriesandapprovedasfit forpurpose. • Toputit simple:Severalcooksagree upon a recipe: «harmonized» recipe Kantonales Labor

  5. Whyharmonizedmethods? • Method was testedandapprovedbyseverallaboratories • Resultsaretrustworthy; high levelofacceptance • Methodcanbeutilizedbyotherlaboratories in relativelyshort time • Makeseconomic sense forservicelabs! • Customergetsresults 1. generatedby a transparent procedure 2. with a minimal riskofanalyticalerrors. • He orshecanmakewell-foundeddecisionswithlesschecking backwiththe lab beforehand. Kantonales Labor

  6. fromMethodtoHarmonizedMethod • Find lab withproven in-house methodα - Lab • Other labsfamiliarizewithmethodofα - Lab • Interlaboratorytestswithreferencesamples • Compareresults, erradicateproblems (unclearprocedure, sourcesoferror) • Repeat step 3 and 4 untilmethodisruggedandfit forpurpose • Publishfinal versionasharmonizedmethod • loooooongprocess: 3 to 10 years! • In comparison: developmentof a validated in-house method: 1 to 3 years Kantonales Labor

  7. Analytical Chemistryistechnologydriven • rapid advancesin technologyTechnology disrupturesarecommon • (newinstrumentsandmethodsdisplacethoseofyesterday) • ruleofthumb:moreinsightsat a lowercosteverythreeyears Kantonales Labor

  8. harmonizedmethod StartPublicationtechnologyversion 1 outdated developmentversion 1version 2in serviceupgradein service Years: 3 5 6 8 10 Start Publicationversion 1version 2version 3 …… in serviceupgrade in serviceupgradeetcin service.. In-house validatedmethod Kantonales Labor

  9. Drawbacks • Establishing a harmonizedmethodis a cumbersomeandlongprocess. • Applyingharmonizedmethodsrequires lab touseinstrumentationandproceduresasspecified,evenwhensuperioroptionswouldbe at hand. • Upgrading a harmonizedmethodiscumbersomeaswell, asyouwouldhavetoonceagainmotivateseveralqualifiedlabsfor a secondround. • Tendency: • Cementstatus quo at theexpenseofprogress. • Precaution: • Designate harmonizedMethodsasmandatory, onlyifrequired • . Kantonales Labor

  10. Do weneedharmonizedMethods - yesorno? • Yes andNo, itdepends on thequestiontobeanswered…! Kantonales Labor

  11. Total number? Besuretomakethem all ofthemswimbeforeyoucount. no matter how Swimmersonly? Defineswimmingconditionsfirstand: stick tothem! Kantonales Labor

  12. Case 1:What is the total content of a compound in the ink? striving for the true value, more than one method is suitable. HMs are nice to have but not necessary Case 2: What is the level of «free» compound in the ink? Level is procedure dependent; «free» is based on a convention striving for comparable results requires a convention method mandatory HMs are indispensable! Kantonales Labor

  13. in practice: • Compoundsharmonizedmethod essential? • Pigments no • Aromaticaminesno • aromaticaminesreleaseyesreleasemeaningbioavailablefraction • Nickel releaseyes • Preservativesno • Chromium VI releaseyes • PAHs no • PAH releaseyes • nitrosaminesno Kantonales Labor

  14. Whatabout an all-in-onemethod? Dreamon…. Kantonales Labor

  15. Kantonales Labor

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