Introduction to Gender Analysis

1. Introduction to Gender Analysis

2. What is Gender Analysis? Gender analysisis a systematic way of examining the differences in roles and norms for women and men, girls and boys; the different levels of power they hold; their differing needs, constraints, and opportunities; and the impact of these differences in their lives. - Adapted from Canadian International Development Agency

3. How Does Gender Analysis Help Us Design and Manage Better Health Programs? Through data collection and analysis, gender analysis identifies and interprets: The consequences of gender differences and relations for achieving health objectives How health interventions may influence or change relations of power between women and men

4. Different Approaches, But Two Fundamental Questions • How will the different roles and status of women and men affect the work to be undertaken? • How will anticipated results of the work affect women and men differently?

5. To Understand Gender Relations, Many Gender Analyses . . . • Examine different domains of gender relations: • Practices, Roles, and Participation • Knowledge, Beliefs, and Perceptions • (some of which are norms) • Access to Resources • Legal Rights and Status Power

6. Practices, Roles, and Participation Gender structures peoples’ behaviors and actions --what they do (Practices), the way they carry out what they do (Roles), and how and where they spend their time (Participation). Participation in • Activities • Meetings • Political Processes • Services • Training Courses 2004 Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs, Courtesy of Photoshare

7. Knowledge, Beliefs, and Perceptions (Some of Which are Norms) Knowledge that men and women are privy to—Who knows what Beliefs (ideology) about how men and women and boys and girls should conduct their daily lives Perceptions that guide how people interpret aspects of their lives differently depending on their gender identity 2005 Kevin McNulty, Courtesy of Photoshare

8. Assets: Natural & productive resources Information Education Social capital Income Services Employment Benefits Access to Assets The capacity to access resources necessary to be a fully active and productive (socially, economically, and politically) participant in society. 2007 Farah Riaz, Courtesy of Photoshare

9. Legal Rights and Status Refers to how gender affects the way people are regarded and treated by both customary law and the formal legal code and judicial system. • Inheritance • Legal Documents • Identity cards • Property titles • Voter registration • Reproductive Choice • Representation • Due Process Rights to

10. Power Controlling (acquiring and disposing of) resources Valuing certain knowledge more than other knowledge One’s body (sexual behaviors and reproductive choice) Children Choice of occupation and participation in activities Affairs of the household, community, municipality, and state Voting, running for office, and legislating Entering into legal contracts Moving about and associating with others Gender relations influence people’s ability to freely decide, influence, control, enforce, and engage in collective actions. To exercise decisions about

11. In Short, Gender Analysis Reveals Gender- Based Opportunities and Constraints Gender-based Constraints are gender relations (in different domains) that inhibit either men’s or women’s access to resources or opportunities of any type. Gender-based Opportunities are gender relations (in different domains) that facilitate men’s or women’s access to resources or opportunities of any type.

12. Different Contexts Social relationships Partnerships Households Communities Civil society and governmental organizations/institutions And remember: gender constraints and opportunities need to be investigated in specific contexts, as they vary over time and across • Sociocultural contexts • Ethnicity • Class • Race • Residence • Age

13. Sources of Data Primary Interviews—individual and group Participatory research Surveys Secondary Gender assessments—country or topic Local organizations and partners International grey literature Published articles Experiences of those most affected and their advocates.

14. Sex-Disaggregated Data To move to a gender analysis: Examine sex-disaggregated quantitative data to identify notable issues/patterns Identify the principal practices that are producing the issues Analyze the gender relations that shape these practices Important to, but not the same as, a gender analysis...