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Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7

Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7. An introduction to Eukaryotic cells. Objectives. Cell theory 7-1 Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types Identify cellular structures 7-2 Define the function of each structure within the cell Preview Cellular functions.

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Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7

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  1. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 An introduction to Eukaryotic cells

  2. Objectives • Cell theory 7-1 • Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types • Identify cellular structures 7-2 • Define the function of each structure within the cell • Preview Cellular functions

  3. What is the cell theory? 7-1 • With the invention of the microscope scientists could see tiny little chambers, now called cells.

  4. What are the three parts to the cell theory? • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • New cells are produced from living cells • Like cars: • All cars have engines • Engines are the structure and function of what makes the car go • New models are based on the old model e.g. model T  Taurus A Ford is a Ford! A cell is a cell!

  5. Basic Cell Structures • All cells have: • Cell membrane thin flexible barrier around the cell. • Function protect and support cell allowing interaction with their environment • Cell wallstrong supportive layer around the cell membrane. • Function support and protection for cell.

  6. Basic Cell Structures cont. • Some cells have a membrane bound nucleus contains all the cells genetic material (like a blue print) • Prokaryotes no membrane • Eukaryotes membrane • Cytoplasm liquid between cell membrane and nucleus.

  7. Are there different cell types? • YES!!!! There are two types: • Prokaryotic cells • Eukaryotic cells

  8. End of 7-1 • Cell video

  9. Cell structures 7-2 • Welcome to prokayotic and eukaryotic cells! • Hang on for the ride!

  10. Prokaryotic Cell structures You don’t need to know all this!

  11. Prokaryotic Cells • Features: • Size is 1-10 µm.). • Contains all basic cell structures • All bacteria are prokaryotes • E.g. E-coli • No membrane bound nucleus • Mostly Asexual reproduction • No mitochrondria • No cell division-budding or binary fission • Cytoplasm present w/ ribosomes and inclusion bodies protein syn. And carb., phosphate storage etc.

  12. Who has had to take antibiotics? • Did you feel better after 10 days? • Did your Dr. or Mom have you eat yogurt and cheese? • Why? • Antibiotics kills the good bacteria that live in your body • Yogurt and cheese replace the good bacteria!

  13. What does a prokaryotic cell look like? 3 shapes spirilla Cocci bacillus

  14. Eukaryotic cell structures You don’t need to know all this!

  15. Features of Eukaryotic Cells • Cell Wall to protect and support cell-plants • Plasma/cell membrane interacts with cells exterior environment and is the gateway for things entering/leaving the cell. • Animal cells don’t have wall plasma membrane • Plant cells do have wall cellulose **pg 174** • Size 10 - 100 µm.).

  16. PlasmaMembrane • This bilayer surrounds the cell and designates what enters and leaves the cell The plasma membrane is referred to as a Phospholipid bilayer,

  17. Plasma/Cell Membrane Function • The membrane is the gatekeeper to the cell • Embedded in the c. membrane are different types of proteins called protein receptors (you don’t need to know this) • They are specific in nature e.g. protein receptor for insulin • Two types integral and peripheral

  18. The Nucleus • Function store house for DNA and controls activities in the cell • You will find DNA: • Chromatin uncondensed and spread out through the nucleus • Chromosomes condensed chromatin into visible strands in preparation for cell division

  19. What’s the nucleus?

  20. Chromatin in nucleus Condensed chromatin = chromosomes

  21. What is the function of the Nucleolus? It’s the cell’s brain • Function produces ribosomes (RNA particles) used for protein synthesis. • How ribosomes move out of the nucleus to positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis. nucleolus

  22. http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/nucleus.htmhttp://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/nucleus.htm

  23. Cytoskeleton • Cytoskeleton function: maintains cell shape and assists with cell movement-like your bones • Microtubules hollow tubes of protein used in cell division (centrioles), cilia and flagella • Microfilaments long thin fibers that function in cell movement and movement of organelles

  24. Cytoskeleton Provides structure for the cell

  25. Cytoplasm • Consists of primarily of water • Contains various organelles as well as salts, dissolved gasses and nutrients. • Fluid that fills the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus • It’s kind of gooey!

  26. What’s next???!! • ER… • Two types of endoplasmic reticulum • Rough synthesizes proteins for transport within the cell. • These proteins (cars) are transported to the Golgi Apparatus • Smooth synthesizes lipids and phospholipids, modifies proteins further

  27. Rough ER • FunctionActs as a conveyer belt, transporting ribosomes from the nucleus into the cytoplasm • cell including protein synthesis • production of steroids • storage and production of glycogen and insertion of membrane proteins.

  28. Smooth ER • Function synthesis of lipids, phospholipids, fatty acids, steroids and calcium storage • Once these items are produced they are sent to the Golgi Apparatus-the cell’s UPS center…

  29. http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/endo.htm

  30. Golgi Apparatus/UPS packaging center • Function modification, packaging and storage of proteins from ER. • Vesicles pinch off and fuse with sacs forming a “golgi complex” • These can be packaged products being shipped out of the cell (secreted) or • Enzymes in Golgi Ap. Attach carbs. and lipids to proteins • Packages full of digestive enzymes…

  31. http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/golgi.htmhttp://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/golgi.htm

  32. Check for clarity-manufacturing plant

  33. Check for clarity…

  34. Lysosomes • Function demolition and clean up team!!! • Loysosomes: • vesicles released by the golgi ap. that are full of enzymes that break down carbs. Lipids and proteins for recycling • Digest bacteria engulfed by cell • Digest/destroy worn out or diseased cells • Enzymes so powerful they will destroy the cell that made them if membrane is defective.

  35. Mitochondria • The powerhouse for the cell • Contain some of their own DNA • Maternally inherited (comes from egg cell) • Some evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendents of prokaryotic cells • Formed a symbiotic relationship!

  36. ATP produced in the mitochondria to give the cells energy

  37. http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/mito.htm

  38. Are we done yet??!! • No! This is easy and review for you… • Chloroplasts use sunlight to make sugar/starch (food) known as….. • Photosynthesis!!!!

  39. One more structure… • Vacuoles in plants and animal cells, always in plant and very large. • Functions: • Storage of water, salts, proteins and carbs. • Provides support for heavy structures like flowers • What is it we can’t digest?

  40. Yes, we’re done!

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