Warm Up #14

1. Warm Up #14 • Please Answer in complete sentences • What was the purpose of the Magna Carta? • What halted the Mongol invasion of Europe in 1241 AD?

2. Projects are due! • As we go around the room, tell us what your diorama is depicting, including the main characters, place and significance of the event.

3. European History: 1213-1300 Another Louis, Torture, More Crusades, Longshanks and Braveheart

4. Key Terms • Louis IX • Black Powder • Heretics • Parliament • Battle of Evesham • Edward I Longshanks • Saint Thomas Aquinas • Ottoman Empire • Acre • William Wallace • Marco Polo

5. Since I never pay attention on Fridays what did I miss last week? • King John was very unpopular with his subjects so they wrote up the Magna Carta and “forced” him to sign it, limiting his power. • The Mongols invade Europe, but are forced to retreat after Khan Batu dies and his successors engage in a power struggle to replace him. • The Reconquista continues on the Iberian peninsula with the Muslims being pushed to the stronghold of Granada in the Southeast.

6. 1248 AD • King Louis IX of France launches the Seventh Crusade, leading an army of 20,000 toward Egypt. • Roger Bacon publishes the formula for black powder in Europe.

7. 1249 AD • King Louis IX of France captures Damietta in Egypt, the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade.

8. 1252 AD • Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes the torture of Heretics in the Medieval Inquisition. Torture quickly gains widespread usage across Catholic Europe.

9. 1254 AD • King Louis IX of France, having exhausted his funds and being needed at home, abandons the Seventh Crusade and returns to France. • King Louis IX of France expels all Jews from France.

10. 1256 AD • Mongol commander Baijuleads his forces in a victory over Kay Ka'us II of the Sultanate of Rüm, thereby capturing Anatolia.

11. 1258 AD • The Hulagu Khan's Mongol forces overrun Baghdad, then the leading center of Islamic culture and learning, burning it to the ground and killing as many as 800,000 citizens.

12. 1259 AD • Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.

13. 1260 AD • The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluksat the Battle of AinJalut in Palestine, marking the first decisive defeat of the Mongols and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.

14. 1261 AD • Béla IV of Hungary repels a Tatar invasion. • The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. • The Byzantines also succeed in capturing Thessalonica and the rest of the Latin Empire.

15. 1265 AD • In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now also known as the Houses of Parliament. • The Battle of Evesham is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.

16. 1270 AD • King Louis IX of France launches the Eighth Crusade in an attempt to recapture the crusader states from the Mamluk sultan Baibars; the opening engagement is a siege of Tunis. • King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water. • The siege of Tunis and the Eighth Crusade end by an agreement between Charles I of Sicily (Louis IX's brother) and the sultan of Tunis.

17. 1271 AD • Edward I of England and Charles of Anjou arrive in Acre, starting the Ninth Crusade against Baibars; however, they are unable to capture any territory and a peace is quickly negotiated.

18. 1273 AD • Saint Thomas Aquinas quits his writing of Summa Theologica — a work considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology leaving it unfinished after having a mystical experience during Mass.

19. 1278 AD • Kings Rudolph I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield, a match of over 80,000 men and the largest battle of knights in the Middle Ages. The battle ends a power struggle between Rudolph and Otakar over the fate of central Europe, and Rudolph's Hapsburg family will continue to rule Austria and other captured territories until the end of World War I in 1918.

20. 1281 AD • Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.

21. 1287 AD • Mongol IlkhanArghun Khan dispatches Rabban Bar Sauma to the leaders of Europe to negotiate an alliance against Muslim states, specifically the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt.

22. 1290 AD • King Edward I of England orders all Jews (then numbering around 16,000) to leave England.

23. 1291 AD • Al-Ashraf Khalil of Egypt captures Acre, thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (the final Christian landholding remaining from the Crusades), and ending the Ninth Crusade and effectively all Crusades, by eliminating the possibility of further attacks on the Holy Land.

24. 1297 AD • Battle of Stirling Bridge: The Scottish armies of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeat the English.

25. 1298 AD • Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England defeats a Scottish army led by William Wallace. • Battle of Curzola: the Genoese fleet defeats the Venetians. Marco Polo is one of the prisoners taken, and while in prison in Genoa, he begins dictating his Travels to a local writer.

26. Due Tomorrow • Crusades Worksheet • Don’t forget to get it done.