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Understanding the Human Respiratory System: Structure and Function

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10 diapositives · 288 Views · Jul 27, 2014

The human respiratory system is essential for gas exchange, providing oxygen for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide. This system comprises various structures including the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened as it enters through the nose. The larynx enables sound production, while the trachea directs air to the lungs. Within the lungs, air travels through bronchi and bronchioles to reach alveoli, where critical gas exchange with capillaries occurs, linking respiration and circulatory processes vital for survival.

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Understanding the Human Respiratory System: Structure and Function
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  1. Warm-Up • Define words for 33.3

  2. Ch. 33.3 – The Respiratory System

  3. Background Information • All cells require a constant supply of oxygen for cellular respiration. • Recall C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP • Respiration means the process of gas exchange between a body and the environment. • Human respiratory system picks up oxygen from the air we inhale and releases carbon dioxide into the air we exhale. • With each breath air fills our lungs and gas exchange occurs there. • The circulatory system links the gas exchange to the rest of our body.

  4. Structures of the Respiratory System

  5. Consists of • The nose • The pharynx • The trachea • The bronchi • The lungs

  6. The Nose • Air must be filtered, moistened and warmed before entering the lungs • Hairs lining the entrance to the nasal cavity trap large particles • Incoming air is warmed in the inner nasal cavity and sinuses. • Mucus is produced that moistens the air and further filters.

  7. The Pharynx • A cavity at the back of the mouth • Also called the throat • Serves as a passageway for both air and food

  8. The Larynx • After the pharynx air moves through the larynx to the trachea. • Contains two highly elastic folds of tissue known as the vocal cords. • These tissues give you the ability to produce sounds • When muscles pull the vocal cords together, the air moving between them causes the cords to vibrate and produce sounds.

  9. The Trachea • Also known as the windpipe • When you shallow food or liquids, the epiglottis (a flap of tissue) covers the entrance to make the food or liquids go down the esophagus. • Lined with mucus that trap any inhaled particles. • Cilia lining the trachea sweep both the mucus and trapped particles upwards towards the pharynx. • From there, the mucus and particles can be swallowed or spit out • This helps keep the lungs clean and open form the important work of gas exchange.

  10. The Lungs • Air then moves into the bronchi (singular: bronchus) – which are two large tubes in the chest cavity leading to each of the lungs. • The bronchus divides into smaller bronchi which then divides into the bronchioles (even smaller) • Bronchi and bronchioles are surrounded by smooth muscle tissue controlled by the autonomic nervous system • As the muscles contract and relax, the size of the passageways change. • Further divide until they reach the alveoli (singular: alveolus) • Alveoli are grouped into clusters • Surrounded by a delicate network of capillaries where the gas exchange occurs.