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Exploring the World of Bacteria: Prokaryotic Wonders and Significance in Life

Delve into the realm of bacteria, the fascinating prokaryotic microorganisms ubiquitous in nature. Learn about Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, their identification, movement, energy acquisition, respiration, reproduction, growth, and importance in various fields from food production to environmental reclamation. Discover the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and humans, sewage decomposition, nitrogen fixation, diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, and preventive measures like antibiotics and sterilization techniques.

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Exploring the World of Bacteria: Prokaryotic Wonders and Significance in Life

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Bacteria Our little friends…

  2. Prokaryotes • Cells without a nucleus • Bacteria • Ubiquitous

  3. Prokaryotes • 2 kingdoms- • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria

  4. Eubacteria • Protective cell wall • Can have 1-2 layer membrane in cell Wall. • Found everywhere • Cyanobacteria

  5. Cyanobacteria • Most important Eubacteria • Blue-green pigment, no chloroplasts • Found in extreme conditions

  6. Archaebacteria • Lack Eubacteria carbohydrate in cell wall (peptidoglycan) • Oxygen free living aka.. methanogens • Live in extremes salt, acid & temp.

  7. Identification • Shape • Cell wall • Movement

  8. Shape • Rod- bacilli (plural) -bacillus (singular)

  9. Shape • Round- Cocci • Staphylococcus epidermidis • Chains/clumps/pairs

  10. Shape • Spiral- spirilla • Leptospira • syphilis

  11. Cell Wall • Gram stain- Hans Gramm • Blue- gram (+) 1layer • Red- gram (-) 2 layers 1layer- Carbohydrates 2 layer- lipid Membrane

  12. Movement • Flagella- 1 or more • Pili-hairs and attachment • Gliding- slimelayer • Capsule-glycocalyx(stick sugar) • Some don’t move

  13. Getting Energy • Autotrophs • Phototroph • Chemotroph

  14. Getting Energy • Heterotrophs • Chemotrophic… • Phototrophic… -use both light and organics

  15. Respiration • Obligate aerobes • Must have O2 • Obligate anaerobes • Poisoned by O2

  16. Clostridium botulinum • Ex. Of Anaerobe • Grows and produce toxins • Botulism causes paralysis

  17. Facultative Anaerobes • Don’t need O2 • Aren’t poisoned by O2

  18. Reproduction • Binary Fission Genetic Recombination • Trasformation, Transduction • Conjugation- Pili • Spore formation endospore

  19. Growth • Some can reproduce in 20 minutes • How many in 24 hours?

  20. Importance of Bacteria • Used to make foods • Cheese • Yogurt • Pickles

  21. Other uses of bacteria • Oil spill cleanup • Water reclaimation • Making drugs ex. • E.Coli & insulin

  22. Bacteria and YOU! • Symbiosis • Intestines E. Coli • Skin • Mouth

  23. Bacteria All Around • Nutrient flow • Bacteria recycle and decompose dead material!!! What would happen if no bacteria

  24. Saprophytes • Name for bacteria which decompose complex organic molecules into soil and nutrients

  25. Sewage Decomposition • Ex. Fish Tanks • Ammonia-> Nitrites • Nitrites-> Nitrates • Clean fish water

  26. Nitrogen Fixation • All Living things need Nitrogen • N2 in the atmosphere is not usable

  27. Cyanobacteria can make nitrogen usable • “Nitrogen Fixation” • Rhizobium in beans nodulescrop rotation

  28. Diseases from Viruses and Bacteria

  29. Pathogens • Disease producing agents.. • Can include more than just viruses and bacteria

  30. HIV Mumps Yellow fever Common cold Virus caused disease

  31. Small Pox

  32. Polio- causes muscle function loss

  33. measles

  34. Influenza

  35. Rabies

  36. Cancer • Oncogenic viruses • Rous sarcoma virus in chickens

  37. Bacteria Caused Diseases

  38. Diptheria

  39. Tetanus- causes severe muscle contraction

  40. Hansen disease-leprosy

  41. Cholera

  42. Bubonic Plague

  43. Prevention and Control

  44. Antibiotics • Can attack bacterial cells

  45. Sterilization • Fire • Disinfectant- lysol • Radiation

  46. Food Processing • Refrigeration • Cooking • Preservatives- salt vinegar…

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