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Israeli War of Independence

Israeli War of Independence. Also known as 1948 Arab-Israeli War On November 29, 1947 violence broke out between Arabs and Israelis On January 9, 1948 Arabs attacked Jewish communities November 29, 1947- April 1948 Palestine took offense with help of neighboring countries.

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Israeli War of Independence

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  1. Israeli War of Independence • Also known as 1948 Arab-Israeli War • On November 29, 1947 violence broke out between Arabs and Israelis • On January 9, 1948 Arabs attacked Jewish communities • November 29, 1947- April 1948 Palestine took offense with help of neighboring countries. • May 14, 1948 Syria invaded Palestine; Israel declared independence • May 15 Arab armies invaded the new Jewish state • Fighting officially ended on January 1949 • Arab countries signed agreements with Israel in 1949 • On January 7, 1949, Israeli planes shot down four British aircraft • About 6,373 Israelis were killed in the war.

  2. The Six Days War : The Countries Involved • Fought between Israel and Egypt, Syria & Jordan • May 1967 Egypt expelled the U.N.E.I. (United Nations Emergency Force) • Israel deployed 268,000 troops for the war and had over 450 operational combat aircraft. • Jordan, Syria, and Egypt deployed combined total of 230,000 troops. • Jordan had 55,000 troops and 270 tanks, 200 artillery pieces were deployed in the West Bank. • Syria had 75,000 troops and 1,000 artillery pieces and 700 tanks. • Egypt had over 100,000 troops.

  3. Six-Day War: People Involved • Nov.12,1966-Samu Incident occurs which is one of the factors leading up to the third Arab-Israeli war. (Six Day War) • "If Israel embarks on an aggression against Syria or Egypt, the battle against Israel will be a general one…” (Nasser-May 12th) • Yitzhak Rabin and Moshe Dayan develop a plan to stop the Egyptian closing of the Straits of Tiran. • Jun. 19, 1967 the National Unity Government voted unanimously to return the Sinai to Egypt and the Golan Heights to Syria for peace arrangements. • May 19th – UNEF commander given order to withdraw from Gaza Strip

  4. PLO Formed • June 26,1964 • 18 members • Elected by PNC • Founded by Egypt & the Arab Leagues. • Initially controlled by Egypt • In 2003 Mohammed Abbas & Prime Minister agreed for peace treaty in the Middle East • Agreed for Peace treaty in Middle East “The Road Map • 1 step includes making a Palestine state for Palestinian refugees.

  5. Over West Bank & Gaza Strip 1987-1991 Between Israel + United National leadership of the uprising Commanders Yitzhah Shamir and Yasser Arafat 160 dead Israelis and 1,162 dead Palestinians Sept 2000(2nd) Between Palestine and Israel. 2nd Intifada never officially ended. 1st and 2nd Intifada

  6. The Beginning By: Logan Genet, Danielle Brice, & Evan Talmadge • 1948, The Palestinians left because of Israeli War of Independence • UN voted to partition Palestinians and Jewish and Arab states in 1947 (The Palestinian Arabs opposed). • Since Dec.1947 the Palestinians began leaving because of Jewish oppression • Arab Palestinian Refugees left because the Arab radio broadcast and Arab leaders told them to leave. • Were threatened by Arab armies and promised quick and easy return. • Jewish actions from the start of the conflict encourage the flight of Palestinians. • 1950’s- 500,000 to 1 million refugees.

  7. Present Problem • Most Refugees are in Jordan (1,758,274), West Bank (675,670), Gaza (938,531), Lebanon (396,890), Syria (417,346) • Palestinian Refugees population grows by 100,000 each year • About 4 million total • Majority do not live in camps. • Palestinians want to take back West Bank and The Gaza Strip to make Palestine.

  8. Oslo Accords • Palestinians & Israelis had a secret negotiation located in Oslo, Norway in August 1993 • Oslo Accords also known as the “Declaration of Principles” • 9/13/93 – representatives of Israel & the Palestine Liberation Organization signed the D.O.P • Main points: Transfer of Power to Palestinians, security remains an Israeli responsibility • 5 year interim period of Palestine’s self-rule • Based on original Camp David Accord of 15 years before • Israel would withdraw its military from Gaza and Jericho and Palestinian authority would have full self-government in these places Israeli Flag Palestinian Flag

  9. Oslo Accords Ahmed Qurei PLO Negotiator Yasser Arafat PLO Chairman Bill Clinton U.S president Warren Christopher U.S Secretary of State Yitzchak Rabin Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres Israeli Foreign Minister • It brought Israel and her Arab neighbors such Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and the Palestinians together for a peace talk. • 5 categories of the empowerment to Palestine includes education, health, social welfare, taxation, and tourism. • People were unwilling to go through with the declaration due to the assassination of Yitzchak Rabin

  10. Leader: Khaled Mashaal &Ismail Haniyah • Founded in 1987 • Headquarters is in Gaza • Political Position-Arab Nationalism • Name means “Strength and bravery” • Offered a ten year truce with Israel (after 6-day war) • Slogan-God is it’s target, the prophet, its’ model, the Qur’an it’s constitution, Jihad is it’s path, and death for the sake of God is the loftiest of it’s wishes. • Hamas does not recognize the right of Israel to exist. • Train children to be suicide bombers • Don’t agree with Oslo Accords • Quotes • “Israel will pay for it’s aggression” • “Today it is Palestine, tomorrow it will be one country of another” Hamas

  11. Fatah Leader-Mahmoud Abbas, Farouk Kaddoumi Founded-1958 or 1959 Headquarters-Ramallah Political Position-Secular Nationalism Name means “sudden death” Liberated Palestine in Arab Became dominate force in Palestine politics after the 1967 6-day war First ever guerilla attack came on January 3, 1965, when they attempted to sabotage Israeli national water carrier. Main goal in life is to liberate all Palestine from Israeli control Agree with Oslo Accords/they are the backbone of the Oslo inspired admirations. Lost 2006 preliminary elections Struck a deal with Hamas to join a unity government as a junior partner (March 2007)

  12. Construction of the Security Barrier • Constructed by Israel • Prevents Palestinian terrorist attacks • 465 miles and only 3% will be 30ft high the rest is 8 24 feet high • Goes roughly along the “Green Line” • Used $22 mil to pay off people for use of their land • Beneficial to Palestinians because there will be less of a need for military operations on the “Green Line” • Right now: 58.04% constructed 8.96% is being constructed 33.00% not constructed The Security Barrier

  13. Disengagement Plan • Made by Ariel Sharon • Written and enacted in August 2005 • Moves all Israelis from the Gaza Strip. • Israelis were sent to north west Bank • Evacuated because of terrorist attacks. • Divided into four settlements.

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