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Introduction to Arduino: Digital and Analog I/O Explained

This presentation covers the basics of Arduino Uno, digital inputs/outputs, analog inputs, analog outputs using PWM, and serial communication commands. You will learn how to set pin modes, read/write digital signals, simulate analog outputs, and use the serial monitor. Explore the fundamental concepts of binary values, resolution, and PWM duty cycles in Arduino programming. Enhance your understanding of creating electronic projects with step-by-step examples and detailed explanations.

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Introduction to Arduino: Digital and Analog I/O Explained

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  1. Intro to the Arduino Created by http://www.cs.unca.edu/~bruce/Fall13/360/Arduino-Wk2.ppt Updated Jeff Borland

  2. Topic 1: Meet Arduino Uno

  3. Arduino IDE See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

  4. todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

  5. Input/Output Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

  6. Topic 2: Digital Input/Output • Digital IO is binary valued—it’s either on or off, 1 or 0 • Internally, all microprocessors are digital, why? 1 0

  7. Arduino Digital I/0 www.mikroe.com/chapters/view/1 pinMode(pin, mode) Sets pin to either INPUT or OUTPUT digitalRead(pin) Reads HIGH or LOW from a pin digitalWrite(pin, value) Writes HIGH or LOW to a pin Electronic stuff Output pins can provide 40 mA of current

  8. Our First Program

  9. IO Pins Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

  10. Arduino Analog Input • Resolution: the number of different voltage levels (i.e., states) used to discretize an input signal • The Arduino uses 1024 states (10 bits) • Smallest measurable voltage change is 5V/1024 or 4.8 mV • Maximum sample rate is 10,000 times a second Image credit: Tod Kurt

  11. Topic 3: Analog Output • Can a digital devise produce analog output? Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley • Analog output can be simulated using pulse width modulation (PWM)

  12. Pulse Width Modulation • Can’t use digital pins to directly supply say 2.5V, but can pulse the output on and off really fast to produce the same effect • The on-off pulsing happens so quickly, the connected output device “sees” the result as a reduction in the voltage Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

  13. PWM Duty Cycle output voltage = (on_time / cycle_time) * 5V Image credit: Tod Kurt Fixed cycle length; constant number of cycles/sec

  14. PMW Pins • Command: analogWrite(pin,value) • value is duty cycle: between 0 and 255 • Examples: • analogWrite(9, 128) • for a 50% duty cycle • analogWrite(11, 64) • for a 25% duty cycle Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

  15. Open the Serial Monitor to see input

  16. Some Commands • Serial.begin() • - e.g., Serial.begin(9600) • Serial.print() or Serial.println() • - e.g., Serial.print(value) • Serial.read() • Serial.available() • Serial.write() • Serial.parseInt() • Example Program

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