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CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION

CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION. Rationale for integration. Establishment of open pastures is expensive (RM 2000/ha) Large area of oil palm (4.6 m ha), rubber (1 m ha), coconuts (0.14 m ha) Immature crops (~10%) have plenty of herbaceous plants growing between rows

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CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION

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  1. CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION

  2. Rationale for integration • Establishment of open pastures is expensive (RM 2000/ha) • Large area of oil palm (4.6 m ha), rubber (1 m ha), coconuts (0.14 m ha) • Immature crops (~10%) have plenty of herbaceous plants growing between rows • Presence of grazing livestock reduces weeding costs (by 25%) • Additional income

  3. Integration systems Cattle under coconuts Sheep under rubber

  4. National Agricultural Policy 3 • Beef21. Beef production will be increased through further integration of cattle with plantation crops such as oil palm in smallholdings and plantations and through the expansion of feedlot activities.

  5. Pengeluaran Daging Lembu Fidlot Tradisional Integrasi Ternakan-Tanaman Kekal

  6. Malaysian's Ranch

  7. Benefits of integration • Reduce cost of weeding – estimates show that cost of weeding can be cut to 25% • Increase and diversify income • Increase soil fertility by recycling nutrients

  8. Problems in integration • Light levels decline with canopy closure, after 5 years inadequate light for undergrowth • Damage to crops if livestock is introduced early (< 2 years) • Livestock obstructs farm operations e.g. fertilizer application, rat poisoning • Humid environment may be detrimental to livestock

  9. Availability of forage with age of trees

  10. Botanical composition changes

  11. Modifying planting pattern to suit integration Traditional planting system in rubber plantation

  12. Traditional planting 9 m

  13. Traditional planting system Intense shading after 5 years

  14. Double hedgerow planting system Grazing Area 2m o o o o o o o o o o o o 3m 22m o o o o o o o o o o o o

  15. Double hedgerow planting system 22 m

  16. Double hedgerow planting system

  17. POTENTIAL FORAGE YIELD AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN TRADITIONAL PLANTING DISTANCE OF RUBBER

  18. COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL PLANTING AND DOUBLE HEDGEROW PLANTING SYSTEMS

  19. PINTAR • ProjekIntegrasiTernakanRuminandenganTanamanKekal • JabatanPerkhidmatanHaiwan • (Integration of Ruminants with Perennial Crops)

  20. INTEGRASI LEMBU PEDAGING DI LADANG KELAPA SAWIT

  21. Characteristics • Low Input – animals use weeds as feed • Stock numbers depend on feed availability

  22. Grazing system • Rotational grazing system • A 400 ha area is grazed completely within 90 days (3 months)

  23. Characteristics of suitable area • Minimum 400 ha • Oil palm between 5 and 15 years • Not hilly, slope < 45o • Not peat soil • Not bordering forests

  24. Rotational Grazing System • 100 cattle graze 5 ha in 1 day • One cycle completed within 80-90 days • Stocking rate? 400 ha, 100 cattle = 0.25 cattle/ha or 4 ha/cattle

  25. FIDLOT LEMBU PEDAGING

  26. UNJURAN PENGELUARAN DAGING LEMBU 29

  27. End

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