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AFRICA AND ASIA SINCE 1945

AFRICA AND ASIA SINCE 1945. World History II. INDIA. Subcontinent of Asia British colony going back to the East India Co. Independence – 1947 World’s largest democratic country Mohandas Gandhi Non-violent resistance Assassinated by a Hindu radical in 1948 Division India – Hindu

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AFRICA AND ASIA SINCE 1945

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  1. AFRICA AND ASIA SINCE 1945 World History II

  2. INDIA • Subcontinent of Asia • British colony going back to the East India Co. • Independence – 1947 • World’s largest democratic country • Mohandas Gandhi • Non-violent resistance • Assassinated by a Hindu radical in 1948 • Division • India – Hindu • Pakistan – Muslim (East and West Pakistan divided by 1000 miles) • Sikhs – Ethnic group denied separate nation

  3. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU (Video) • Indian National Congress – major political party • First Prime Minister • 1950 Constitution – attempted to prohibit discrimination based on Caste • Ethnic and Religious issues • Improved economy helped financial systems

  4. INDRIA GANDHI (Video) • 3rd Prime Minister • Daughter of Nehru • Ruled 20 years • Followed policy of non-alignment w/superpowers • Assassinated by 2 of her Sikh bodyguards • Retaliation ending a Sikh rebellion • Estimated 5000 Sikhs were burned alive afterwards

  5. PAKISTAN • Division caused problems in ruling the nation • West dominated • West refused to accept the election of members of the Awami League • East becomes Bangladesh– 1971 • Densely populated nation • Ganges River - flooding • 1988 Benazir Bhutto – 1st female ruler of a Muslim nation

  6. OTHER ISSUES • Kashmir • Administered by India, Pakistan and China • 3 wars between India and Pakistan • Sri Lanka (Ceylon) • Civil War – Tamil Tigers (militant separatist)– want an independent Tamil State

  7. INDONESIA • Former Dutch Colony • 4th most populous country in the world • Religion – Muslim • 1966 – Dictator – General Sukarno • Attempts to westernize • Natural Resources – oil, natural gas, minerals

  8. MIDDLE EAST • Mandates after WWI • Syria and Lebanon – France • Palestine and Transjordan – Britain • Israel • 1948 Created by decree of the UN after WWII • Conflicts with Palestinians • PLO – terrorist organization created to destroy Irsael leader Yassir Arafat • 1973 – Yom Kippur or October War • Land area conflicts – West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights • 1979 Camp David Accords – Israeli/Egyptian peace agreement

  9. EGYPT • Gamal Nasser • Suez Canal • Nationalized it over European objections • Non-Alignment • Aswan High Dam • Allowed the Soviet Union to build it • Arab League (United Arab Republics) • Anwar Sadat – Camp David Accords • Assassinated in 1981 by fundamentalist army officers

  10. IRAN • Ancient Persia • 1951 – Mohammed Mosaddegh – elected Prime Minister – nationalizes oil industry • “Operation Ajax” – CIA support Coup d’etat • Mohammed Resa Pahlavi becomes Shah • 1979 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini becomes ruler • Iranian Hostage Crisis – 1979

  11. OPEC • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Oil Cartel • Sets prices and quotas for oil production • 2010 – Controls over 70% of world oil reserves and over 40% of world oil production • Placed an oil embargo on the U.S. after the Oct. War in 1973 leading to economic instability

  12. PERSIAN GULF WAR • Began with the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 • Operation “Desert Storm” • Coalition of forces led by the U.S. and Britain • SadamHussain – leader of Iraq • Successful in driving out the Iraqi forces but did not remove Hussain from power • 2003 – Iraq War – US and British invasion to remove Hussain

  13. AFRICA • Independence movements from WWII to the 1960’s • UN – right to self-determination • Peaceful and violent revolutions • Problems of independence • Resentment over imperial rule • High debt • Over zealous nationalism • Hypocrisy

  14. West Africa – peaceful transition • Algeria – war with France for independence • Kenya – violence with Britain • Leader – Jomo Kenyatta – “wise old man of Kenya” • Angola – former Portuguese Colony – revolution supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba –Civil War ended in 2002 • Zaire – former Belgian Congo – President Joseph Desire Mobutu (ruled 1965-1997) – current issue involves the genocide in Rwanda and the Congo Wars

  15. South Africa • Boer War • Apartheid – racial segregation • 75% of the population could won only 13% of the land • Desmond Tutu • Archbishop of Cape Town • Opponent of apartheid in the 1980’s • Nelson Mandela • Apartheid ends in 1994 • 1st black President

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