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Friend or Foe Identification

Friend or Foe Identification. Justin Ayvazian Ben Johnson Eric Putney Michael Ruth Advisor: Professor Sandip Kundu. Motivation. 7,000 heavily armored Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles transported into Iraq from 07’ to 08’ Accounts for drop in deaths since 2007

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Friend or Foe Identification

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  1. Friend or Foe Identification Justin Ayvazian Ben Johnson Eric Putney Michael Ruth Advisor: Professor Sandip Kundu

  2. Motivation • 7,000 heavily armored Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles transported into Iraq from 07’ to 08’ • Accounts for drop in deaths since 2007 • Vehicle hijackings and digital attacks more frequent as a result • Prominent in Afghanistan and Pakistan • 18 attacks on Pakistani soil, up to 13 vehicles hijacked per attack (From August to November of 07’) • Extrapolated,that’s over 2100 vehicles hijacked since August 07’ • Deaths per day due to Vehicle Bombings in Iraq

  3. Problem Statement • Identifying Ground Vehicles • Hijacking and Bombings • Transmission • Signal Jamming • Eavesdropping • Security • Hacking • Data Encryption and Decryption

  4. System Block Diagram

  5. Proposed Solution • Identification • Hashing table – Unique IDs • Input/Output • “Rose” • Vehicle and Base Interaction • Output – GPS and Radar • Security • RC5, CDMA, Frequency Hopping • Transmission • Amateur Radio, Two way Radio

  6. Alternative Ideas • Identification • Hourly Notification • Vehicle shutdown • Transmission • Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) • Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) • WiMax (802.20) • WiFi(802.11)

  7. User-Level Diagram

  8. Communication Scheme

  9. Packet Structures 4 message types: Base Module: Request Identification Acknowledge ID/Update Hash Value Vehicle Module: Transmit Identification Acknowledge Hash Update

  10. Encryption Protect data and transmissions from enemy Have a 2-pronged attack Protect message by encrypting data Encryption Ciphers Protect message by preventing transmission interception Frequency hopping CDMA

  11. Message Encryption Encryption Requirements Robust Fast Low memory requirements Symmetric Block Cipher RC5 Lightweight algorithm that provides strong security

  12. RC5 Encryption Input parameters Word Size Number of Rounds Key Length Applies data-dependent transformations Basic Attributes Simple encryption algorithm Symmetric Block Cipher Performs word-oriented operations Allows implementer to choose encryption parameters Suitable for both hardware and software implementation

  13. Block Diagram—Base Module

  14. Block Diagram—Vehicle Module

  15. System Requirements • Minimum range of one mile • Adequate time to identify vehicles and respond • Dynamic system • Communicate with multiple moving vehicles • Exponential back-off (not MIMO) • Not a data–heavy application • Range more important than rate of data transfer • Frequency hopping preferable

  16. Communication System • Omnidirectional antenna • Unity gain (approximately isotropic radiation) • Need low power • ~1 W • Need available bandwidth • Many communications restrictions • Options • WiFi as a prototype system • Amateur radio • 2-way radios

  17. Antenna System • Friis Equation • PRX = Power seen at receiver (W) • PTX = Power supplied to transmitting antenna (W) • GTX = Gain of transmitting antenna (dimensionless) • GRX = Gain of receiving antenna (dimensionless) • Lambda = wavelength of transmission frequency (m) • R = Distance between antennas • As lambda increases, the range increases, but so does the required antenna length (for constant Pr, Pt)

  18. Options • Two way radio (example: Cobra PR135) • Fully assembled RF module • Two mile range • Twenty two channels (between 462 MHz and 467 MHz) • Maximum SNR is 40 dB • Transmitter power is 500 mW • Amateur radio • Beyond scope of project and too expensive • Nominal power received is .15 uW at one mile • (Unity gain antennas, 460 MHz, 150 W)

  19. Software Prototype • Java • Sockets to simulate wireless transmissions • Opening socket simulated reception of initial request to transmit signal (vehicle in range) • Data is sent in a 32 bit packet (Single Int) • Encryption Algorithm is multiplying by -1 • Hashing of passwords • Accounts for multiple vehicles at one time

  20. Deliverables Over the Full Year Hardware • FPGA and Memory System • Transceiver Module • GPS Module Software • All Software Prototype (Completed) • Encryption Algorithm Using RC5 • Graphical User Interface Will Expand on in MDR

  21. Cost Estimates • Altera FPGA Starter Kit - $199 • includes memory, clock, USB input, power supply, four switches, and four LED’s • Single FPGA ~ $100 • Single 256k memory ~ $2 • Transceiver module ~ $40

  22. Future Schedule By MDR (Midpoint Design Review) • FPGA design (layout) finished • Transceiver module design in progress • Hardware components selected and ordered • Encryption module started • GUI completed By CDR (Comprehensive Design Review) • Hardware built and implemented • Encryption module finished • System modules integrated and testing under way By FPR (Final Project Review) • Completed project with a working demonstration

  23. Team Roles • Antenna, Signal Processing, and Power (Justin) • FPGA and Memory Interfacing (Ben) • Encryption Module (Mike) • Overall System Implementation and GUI (Eric)

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