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The Russian Revolution, The Red Scare & The End of War

The Russian Revolution, The Red Scare & The End of War. SS.A.3.4.9; SS.C.1.4.1; SS.B.1.4.4. Troubles In Russia. Russia wasn’t prepared for WWI, total war Few military leaders, Czar left to plan war Russian industry cannot keep up with war Lack of leadership and supplies=death

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The Russian Revolution, The Red Scare & The End of War

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  1. The Russian Revolution, The Red Scare & The End of War SS.A.3.4.9; SS.C.1.4.1; SS.B.1.4.4

  2. Troubles In Russia • Russia wasn’t prepared for WWI, total war • Few military leaders, Czar left to plan war • Russian industry cannot keep up with war • Lack of leadership and supplies=death • 1914-16: 2 million dead, 4-6 million hurt or captured • Czar Nicholas II at war, German wife Alexandra left behind to run government • Alexandra trusts monk-advisor Grigori Rasputin • Liberals and Conservatives unhappy with gov • Dec. 1916: Aristocrats assassinate Rasputin

  3. The Bolsheviks • The Bolsheviks are a socialist group from the Russian Social Democrats party • Come under leadership of V.I. Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich Ulianov, who pushes for violent rev • 1900-17: Travelled Europe, sent back to Russia by German army • Works to gain control of the soviets of soldiers, workers and women to take pwr • “Peace, Land, Bread”; “Worker Control of Production”; “All Power to the Soviets”

  4. Communist Triumph • Leon Trotsky lead a well organized, disciplined Red Army • Anti-Communists were disorganized • “war communism” helps Red Army supply train • Red Terror: Secret police called Cheka, spy/kill • Foreign armies in Russia fuel patriotism • 1921: Communists in total control of Russia, who hate the Allies for their support of Whites, no other parties/ideas have a say in new Russian govt

  5. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

  6. Last Year of War • Allies have bad 1917: losses on Western Front, Russia’s revolution, tired of war • Up side: entry of United States helps • March 1918: German Gen. Lundendorff leads new offensive on Western Front • French and Moroccan troops joined by 140,000 fresh American troops, tanks • Offensive fails, over 1 million Americans on the way to Germany, Lundendorff informs Germany army “war is lost”

  7. German Collapse & Armistice • Allies will not negotiate with German keiser • Workers, soldiers revolt against govt • Nov 9: Keiser William II leaves Germany • Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert creates a democratic republic in Germany, ends war • Nov 11, 1918: Ebert signs armistice • Austro-Hungarian Empire collapses, replaced by Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia

  8. Wilson’s 14 Points • Jan 1919: Reps from 27 Allied nations meet in Paris for peace conference • Through course of war, reasons change from wanting territory to more idealistic goals • U.S. President Woodrow Wilson offers “Fourteen Points” for peace to Congress • Open negotiations, reduce weaponry to levels for self defense, self-determination • “War was against absolutism & militarism • Europeans see Wilson as champion of democracy and freedom

  9. Paris Peace Conference • Secret, pre-war treaties complicate peace • Many blamed Germany for war, pay-back • France wants reparations from Germans • Important decisions made by Fr, UK, US • Germans not invited, Russians busy • Wilson creates League of Nations • World joins, US Senate rejects the idea • Germany is forced to give up “buffer” land • Germans see Treaty of Versailles as unfair • War guilt placed on Germany and Austria

  10. Impacts of WWI • Rise in cost of living • General Strike • Racial Tension • The Red Scare • Gen. Intelligence Division (FBI) • Russians deported • Harding’s: “return to normalcy”

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