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Peter Sorger psorger45 @gmail

Distribution of empty trucks Exchange of Rolling Stock Questions XIX and XX International Railway Congress 1892. Peter Sorger psorger45 @gmail.com. Load must pay its way. International Railway Congress Sankt Petersburg, August-September 1892.

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Peter Sorger psorger45 @gmail

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  1. Distribution of empty trucksExchange of Rolling StockQuestions XIX and XXInternational Railway Congress 1892 Peter Sorger psorger45@gmail.com

  2. Load must pay its way. International Railway Congress Sankt Petersburg, August-September 1892

  3. International Railway CongressSt. Petersburg: August - September 1892 • Sections: • Tracks • Traction and equipment • Operations • General questions • Secondary lines Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  4. Main railway lines in Europe STRADE FERRATE DELL’ EUROPA CONTINENTALE BOLOGNA 1893 England 1825 Stockton - Darlington USA 1830 Baltimore - EllicotMills France 1831 Saint-Étienne - Lyon Ireland 1834 WestlandRow - Dún Laoghaire Belgium 1835 Brussels - Mechelen Germany 1835 Nürnberg- Fürth Canada 1836 La Prairie - St. John Austria 1837 Floridsdorf - Deutsch-Wagram Russia 1837 SanktPetersburg - CarskojeSelo CzechRepublic 1839 Břeclav - Brno The Netherlands 1839 Amsterdam - Haarlem Italy 1839 Napoli - Portici Poland 1842Wroclaw - Olawa Hungary 1846 Pest - Vác Denmark 1847 Kopenhagen - Roskilde Switzerland 1847 Zürich - Baden Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  5. Distribution of empty trucks • Great Britain • Belgian States Railway • Paris-Lyon and Mediterranean Railway Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  6. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Acts of Parliament • Railways to be used as public highways • Carriers and traders put their own vehicles and provide locomotive power • Railway Company charging the toll authorised by Acts of Parliament • Railway Companies empowered to provide vehicles and locomotives themselves as well Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  7. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Independent use of railways by carriers and public • Never came into existence, except merchandise traffic only to limited extend • Most effective, economical and safe mode • Allow the Companies themselves to carry all traffic required • Speedily became and has continued almost invariable practice • Small exception: own coal traffic Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  8. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Private waggons Traffic of coal, iron-ore, lime, etc. • Traders encouraged to provide their own waggons • Disinclination or absolute refusal of the Companies • Few cases passenger carriages belonging to private individuals • Pullman cars on the Midland and London Brighton and South Coast lines Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  9. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Private waggons no precise information • On Great Western • 40,000 to 50,000 constant in use • Throughout the Kingdom (estimate) • some hundreds of thousands • Large portion hired to traders by waggon Building Companies • Remainder absolute property of traders • some (colliery proprietors) thousands, • others only one Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  10. Wagons per mile in 1889 Companies United Kingdom Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  11. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain All private waggons • Subject to close examination before allowed to run • May be stopped at any time if found out of running condition • Accident, • Wear and tear, • Defective material • The railway Company • Duty of examining wagons after construction according to standard specifications in all respects fit to run • Registered and an iron plate fixed (examined and approved) Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  12. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Standard specifications for the construction of new and rebuilt 8 or 10 tons private owner’s waggons to work upon the lines of the Railway Companies Nr. 20 to 22 Examination and test of bearing and buffing springs Stamping of Ironwork and Steelwork Iron or Steel Underframes Repairs New tyres for old wheels Dimensions Body Underframe Quality of Wrought Iron Drawgear Axleguards Bolts and Nuts Brake Buffers Buffing Springs Bearing Springs Axle Boxes Tyres Axels Wheels Register plate Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  13. Standard specifications for the construction Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  14. Standard specifications for the construction Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  15. Standard specifications for the construction Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  16. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Interchange of vehicles between Companies • Limited to traffic requirements only • Subject to conditions • Minimum weight of load, • Time allowed for transit, • Return of vehicle, • Liability for accidents, etc., etc. • Business of Railway Clearing House Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  17. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Railway Clearing House • Established under provisions of a special Act of Parliament • Membership of Railway Companies voluntary • In practice permanent • Purpose: • «Clearing» traffic passing between the railways • Taking account passing from one line to another • Dividing the receipts between the Companies • According to mileage run over or • According to agreement between the Companies Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  18. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Railway Clearing House • Agent at most junctions between two or more Companies’ lines • “Numbertaker” records: • Owing Companies’ name, • Number, • Station of origin and destination, • Actual time of interchange. • Smaller & less important junctions not sufficient for employment of Clearing House numbertaker • Required particulars for Clearing House provided by the companies Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  19. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Railway Clearing House Mileage and Demurrage Regulations • Saloon Carriages 1st Class ¾ d per mile • 2nd and 3rd Class Carriages ½ d per mile • Milk trucks (used in passenger trains) ½ d per mile • All Coaching in use (outwards or homewards) • No mileage chargeable upon empty stock Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  20. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Railway Clearing House Mileage and Demurrage Regulations WAGGONS CONSTRUCTED TO CARRY : 15 tons und under 20 tons . . . . . . 1 d. per mile 20 tons und under 30 tons . . . . . . 2 d. per mile 30 tons and above . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 d. per mile Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  21. Delivery time - Great Britain • Merchandise collected in London up to 6 o’clock in the evening delivered in the forenoon next day to: • Liverpool - 201 miles • Manchester - 183 miles • Plymouth - 246 miles Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  22. Delivery time - France • 24 hours for every 125 km plus allowance for collection & delivery Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  23. Delivery time - Holland • Express goods: • Time for forwarding ………………………………………………………………. 24 hours • Time for conveyance for each 186 miles or part thereof ……… 24 hours • General goods: • Time for forwarding ………………………………………………………………. 48 hours • Time for conveyance: • For distances up to 62 miles ……………………………………………………………… 24 hours • For each 124 miles, or part thereof, above 62 miles …………………........... 24 hours Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  24. Delivery time - Holland • Horses, cattle or other large animals • If carried by passenger trains: • Time for forwarding ………………………………………………………………. 24 hours • Time for conveyance for each 186 miles or part thereof ……… 24 hours • If carried by goods trains: • Time for forwarding ………………………………………………………………. 48 hours • Time for conveyance for each 186 miles or part thereof ………. 48 hours • On occasions of pressure of traffic caused by fairs, closed waters, etc. these limits may be extended by the Minister of railways Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  25. Distribution of empty trucks - Great Britain Charges for Demurrage and Wrong-sending • Saloon Carriages 1st Class 10 s per day • 2nd and 3rd Class Carriages 6 s per day • Carriage trucks (in Passenger, Special, or Goods trains) 6 s per day • Milk trucks (used in passenger trains) 6 s per day • Post-offices and Post-office tenders 6 s per day • Guard’s vans 6 s per day • Dies non:Sundays, National Fast days, Christmas day, Good Friday Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  26. Distribution of empty trucks - Belgium Belgian State Railways • 10 groups: distribution Office at the headquarters of each group • 61 districts • Headquarters one of the principal stations • Co-operation in the distribution of rolling stock between other stations in the same district • All stations every day at noon statement • Empty trucks, trucks to be unloaded • Trucks remaining at the station, sidings, etc. • Trucks required for a period of 24 hours Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  27. Distribution of empty trucks - Belgium • Statements send to the distribution office by the first train • Distribution Office • telegraphs full details to head Office in Brussels • Dissects the statements received from stations • Control Office • Charged with control of Rolling stock • General statement of affairs on the line as regards the trucks and their whereabouts • Issues orders (by telegraph) to Distribution Offices, where to obtain trucks, or where to send trucks • Takes steps (if necessary) to equalize the position immediately Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  28. Distribution of empty trucks - Belgium • Distribution Office assisted by the subordinate offices • Divide the rolling stock between their stations • Ask for or give assistance to the neighbouring districts (if necessary) • Control Office strict rule • Provide the stations in good time • In case of deficiency, distribute the rolling stock equally • Prevention of unnecessary haulage of empty trucks • Empty haulage may further be avoided by making full use of foreign trucks on the return journey to the owing Company Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  29. Belgian States Railway Register of trucks at the station • Content: Date and hour of • arrival • placing at the disposal of sender or consignee • completion of loading or unloading • amount of demurrage, if any • leaving the station • detention of each vehicle and average time for each operation • arrival and departure, for trucks in coarse of transit • At frequent intervals examined by inspectors Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  30. Distribution of empty trucks - France Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée Railways • All stations forward to the district wagon inspector • Trucks required, • Trucks on hand, • Trucks with no use • Wagon inspector • Local distribution among stations in the district, • Sent particulars of surplus and deficiency to wagon control at Head Quarters • Head Quarters • General distribution Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  31. Exchange of Rolling Stock Three big international Conventions: • International Union • Convention governing the mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations • Belgian-German-Italian Agreement • Traffic passing Gotthard or Brenner Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  32. Exchange of Rolling Stock International Union Participating Administrations: Belgian, French (Nord, mines d’Anzin), Netherlands and Luxembourg, German, Swiss, Austro-Hungarian, Serbian and Romanian Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  33. Exchange of Rolling Stock Regulation of the International Union • Admission of wagons to exchange stations • Good condition and safe for operation • 5 percent maximum overload • Instructions for use • After unloading, if possible, return loaded • Preferably to the stations of owner Administration • Empty wagons same route as loaded • Immediate suspension of use on return • Any Administration may require that its wagons be returned empty Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  34. Regulation of the International Union • Reciprocal grant in case of shortage of material • In case of urgent need, the Administrations assist each other by means of the supply of wagons • Running of Union wagons on foreign networks and vice versa • Administration sending the Union’s wagon responsible for its use and payment of fees • Administration receiving foreign wagons considered as owner • Wagon exchange • Wagons considered as accepted when they are given to agents of the Assignee Company with all accompanying documents • No Administration may refuse its equipment upon return Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  35. Regulation of the International Union • Deadline for the use of material • Conveyance time • 1 to 75 kilometres ………………..……….… 1 day • 76 to 200 kilometres …………………….…. 2 days • 201 to 325 kilometres ……………………… 3 days • additional 125 kilometres or part of … 1 day • Calculated separately for both directions • Time for stay • 2 days for unloading • Extension for 1 day by loaded return • Sundays and Holidays do not count Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  36. Regulation of the International Union • Charges for regular use • Conveyance fee • Calculated according to travel distance (km) • For both directions • For wagons of 15+ tonnes increase of 0.025 francs • Time fee • 1 fr. 25 c. for 24 hours • 2 fr. 50 c. for 24 hours, wagons 15+ tonnes • Indemnity for delay • 2 fr. 20 c. for 24 hours • 3 fr. 75 c. for 24 hours, wagons 15+ tonnes Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  37. Regulation of the International Union • Exemption from the time charge and the indemnity for delay • 24 hours according to time for stay and additional 48 for loaded return • If materiel immobilised caused by: • Customs formalities, • Serious damage of equipment, • Interruption of traffic caused by atmospheric circumstances or traffic accidents or by force major. • Consequences of the use of foreign wagons contrary to the requirements of Regulation • For the benefit of the Administrations which transported it wrongfully • Use fee payed to the owner Administration • Same amount as penalty • In relations with Dutch Administrations additional penalty 1 fr. 25 c. per wagon Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  38. Convention governing the mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations of 1889 Union of German Railway Administrations 1889 45 German Administrations 19 Austrian and Hungarian Administrations 5 Dutch and Luxembourgian Administrations 3 Belgian Administrations Railway Warsaw - Vienna Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  39. Mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway • Admission of wagons to exchange stations • All wagons load up to 50% of tonnage must continue to the destination station • Any wagon arriving at its destination may be redirected to another point • Passenger carriages and luggage vans may not circulate on foreign lines • Instructions for use • After unloading, if possible, return loaded with destination • Station of Owner Administration, or located beyond, or located in front of, but crosses the outward direction • Wagons can be diverted for loading, distance under 200 km • Empty wagons (or loaded up to 50%) same route as loaded Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  40. Mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations • Assistance with wagons • Administrations may assist each other by means of the supply of wagons • Running of Union of GRA wagons on foreign networks and vice versa • Administration sending out the Union’s wagon responsible for its use and payment of fees • Administration receiving foreign wagons considered as owner • Wagon exchange • Wagons considered as accepted when they are given to agents of the Assignee Company with all accompanying documents Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  41. Mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations • Deadline for the use of material • Conveyance time • 1 to 75 kilometres ………………..………..… 1 day • 76 to 200 kilometres …………………….…. 2 days • 201 to 325 kilometres ……………………… 3 days • additional 200 kilometres or part of … 1 day • Calculated separately for both directions • Time for stay • 2 days for unloading • Reloading or unloading on return 1 or 2 days • whether one sole or two operations in the station Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  42. Mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations • Charges for use • Conveyance fee • Calculated according to travel distance (km) • For luggage vans and wagons 0.01 Mark (fr. 0.0125) • For passenger carriage 0.02 Mark (fr. 0.025) • Time fee • For luggage vans and wagons 1 Mark (1 francs 25 c.) for 24 hours • For passenger carriage 2 Marks (2 fr. 50 c.) for 24 hours • Indemnities for delay • For luggage vans and wagons 2 Mark (2 francs 50 c.) for 24 hours • For passenger carriage 4 Marks (5 fr.) for 24 hours Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  43. Mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations • Exemption from the time charge and the indemnity for delay • 48 hours according to time for stay and additional 24 for loaded return • If materiel immobilised due to: • Interruption of traffic caused by traffic accidents or by force major. • Customs formalities, • Wagon damage. • Sundays, Holidays, but not for stay (time) fee Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  44. Mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations • Consequences of the use of foreign wagons contrary to the requirements of Regulation • Any wagon returned empty by another point of exchange than that of delivery shall give rise to a fine equal to six times the cost of the journey in favour of the railway which undertakes undue traction • When a reloaded wagon runs 25% more than the outward journey on return, every kilometre beyond this limit gives rise to a fine equal to ten times the traveling costs, • Any other irregular use of the equipment shall give rise to the collection of a fine of 15 marks (18 fr. 75 c.) per wagon and twenty-four hours, starting from the irregular use, for the benefit of the owner Administration Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  45. Mutual usage of Rolling Stock on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations • Loading and handling of wagons • Admission for exchange • Good operating conditions, • Maximum overload 5%. • Validity of this Convention in special cases • The clauses of this Convention shall apply not only to wagons belonging to a single Administration but also to those which are the property of more Administrations or private individuals and which, by affixing the ownership marking of an Administration of the Union of German Railway Administrations, shall be considered as part of its equipment and be treated accordingly Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  46. Exchange of Rolling Stock Belgian-German-Italian Agreement- Traffic through Gotthard or Brenner (1885) • Provisions same as Convention governing the mutual usage of Rolling Stock • on the lines of Union of German Railway Administrations with exceptions: • Deadline for the use of material • Conveyance time • 1 to 75 kilometres ………………..……….… 1 day • 76 to 200 kilometres …………………….…. 2 days • 201 to 325 kilometres ……………………… 3 days • additional 125 kilometres or part of … 1 day • Consequences of the irregular use of foreign wagons • 4 marks (5 francs) instead of 15 marks (37 fr. 50c.) Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  47. Exchange of Rolling Stock Conventions valid in different countries Germany: Specific Conventions England: Rules established by Clearing-House Austria-Hungary: Specific Conventions Belgium: 24 Conventions Denmark: 5 Conventions France: 11 Conventions The Netherlands: Specific Conventions Italy: 5 Conventions Russia: General Convention Sweden and Norway: 7 Conventions Switzerland: 5 Conventions Romania: Agreement with Austrian State Railways and Russian South-Western Administration Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad, 5 April 2017

  48. Thank you for your attention Peter Sorger psorger45@gmail.com

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