Announcements

1. Announcements • Contracts? OHs 4-5pm • Group work: “Marriage is hard work” meet/eat/speak + “More brains” teach/don’t compete • Stand up- if read, took notes, & studied • Who already started writing their paper? • Tips on DRAFT1: find role, focus, consult I to A, science=prediction, turnitin.com

2. What is a 4.0? In the university grading system • If a student does what was asked of them • on an assignment and does a pretty good job • that's what grade? • 4.0 • 3.5 • 3.0 • 2.5 • other

3. What is a 4.0? In the university grading system • 2.0-2.5 "Pretty Good" the student did the work required and a pretty good job, the average in the class.

4. What is a 4.0? In the university grading system • The “4.0” is Outstanding, is the student blew you away with how much and how well they did the work. They taught you something. • A “3.5” is Most Excellent every detail of their work was done extremely well and they found additional papers and evidence beyond what they were told/expected to do, to complete their work. • A “3.0” is Excellent is impressive work, top of the class, and their work was done extremely well but not beyond what expected. • 2.0-2.5 "Pretty Good" the student did the work required and a pretty good job, the average in the class.

5. Let’s play “You teach the class.”(get ready to explain sickle cell)

6. Fig. 23-17 Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0–2.5% 2.5–5.0% 5.0–7.5% Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a parasitic unicellular eukaryote) 7.5–10.0% 10.0–12.5% >12.5%

7. Benefits of sickle cell? Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0–2.5% 2.5–5.0% 5.0–7.5% Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a parasitic unicellular eukaryote) 7.5–10.0% 10.0–12.5% >12.5%

8. Wild-type hemoglobin DNA Mutant hemoglobin DNA C T T C 3 3 A T 5 5 T 5 A G G A A 3 5 3 Fig. 17-22 mRNA mRNA G A A 5 G U A 3 5 3 Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Val Glu

10. Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Primary structure His Val Leu Glu Glu His Thr Val Primary structure Thr Pro Val Leu Pro Glu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Exposed hydrophobic region Secondary and tertiary structures Secondary and tertiary structures  subunit  subunit Fig. 5-22     Sickle-cell hemoglobin Quaternary structure Normal hemoglobin (top view) Quaternary structure     Function Molecules interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. Function Molecules do not associate with one another; each carries oxygen. 10 µm 10 µm Red blood cell shape Normal red blood cells are full of individual hemoglobin moledules, each carrying oxygen. Red blood cell shape Fibers of abnormal hemoglobin deform red blood cell into sickle shape.

11. Quiz tomorrow will focus on the Figures Normal -globin allele Normalallele Sickle-cellallele Fig. 20-10 175 bp Large fragment 201 bp DdeI DdeI DdeI DdeI Largefragment Sickle-cell mutant -globin allele 376 bp 201 bp175 bp Large fragment 376 bp DdeI DdeI DdeI (a) DdeI restriction sites in normal and sickle-cell alleles of -globin gene (b) Electrophoresis of restriction fragments from normal and sickle-cell alleles

14. Ribosomes So what does a bacteria cell have & we don’t? Plasmids Cytoplasm Chromosome Flagellum Plasma membrane Cell wall

15. So what does a bacteria cell have & we don’t? A. The plasma membrane surrounding it B. Chromosomes with DNA to make RNA C. Ribosomes making proteins D. The cell wall surrounding it E. None of the above are correct

16. Nucleus Plasma membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum What does animal cell have that plants don’t? Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Bacteria Cell wall

17. What does animal cell have that plants don’t? A. A single plasma membrane surrounding it B. Mitochondria C. A true Nucleus D. The cell wall surrounding it E. None of the above