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Describing Matter

Describing Matter. Chapter 2:2. Terms. Physical Properties ~ a property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter Physical Change ~ a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance: many are easy to undo

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Describing Matter

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  1. Describing Matter Chapter 2:2

  2. Terms • Physical Properties~ a property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter • Physical Change~ a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance: many are easy to undo • Chemical Properties~ a property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties • Chemical Change~ a change that occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties; cannot be reversed using physical means • Density~ the amount of matter in a given space

  3. The ability to change the substance Physical and Chemical Properties

  4. Physical Properties • Examples • Color • Odor • Volume • State • Density • Density of a substance is always the same at a given pressure and temperature • Density of one substance is usually different than other substances

  5. More Examples • Thermal Conductivity~ the ability to transfer thermal energy from one area to another • Malleability~ the ability to be pounded into thin sheets • Ductility~ the ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire • Solubility~ the ability to dissolve in another substance

  6. Chemical Properties • Examples • Flammability~ able to burn • Reactivity with other substances • Means something can happen • Reactivity with oxygen (rust)

  7. Characteristic Properties • Always the same whether the sample is large or small • Density • Solubility • Reactivity with acids • Used to identify and classify substances

  8. The process of a substance changing Physical and Chemical Change

  9. Physical Change • Does not form a new substance • Examples • Dissolve sugar in water • Sanding a piece of wood • Melting a stick of butter • Usually easy to undo

  10. Chemical Change • Form new substances • Is the actual process in which one substance changes into another substance • Usually cannot be reversed by physical means • Example~ baking a cake • Cake properties are different than those of individual ingredients

  11. Clues to Chemical Changes • Color changes • Fizzing or foaming • Heat • Production of sound, light, or odor

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