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Reformers

Reformers. Church Corruption. Largest Institution after Rome Corruption growing Inquisition Crusades More interested in worldly affairs Crocked Popes Vatican launching wars. Indulgence. Linked to Purgatory Christ’s death saves humanity from hell

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Reformers

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  1. Reformers

  2. Church Corruption • Largest Institution after Rome • Corruption growing • Inquisition • Crusades • More interested in worldly affairs • Crocked Popes • Vatican launching wars

  3. Indulgence • Linked to Purgatory • Christ’s death saves humanity from hell • People still need to atone and purify themselves for worldly sins • Dimension of Heaven – Cardinal Collins

  4. Indulgence Controversy • Indulgence being given out for “donations” • Pope Julius II • Archbishops follow the Pope’s lead

  5. Can we still have Faith in the Church? • St. Augustine of Hippo • The City of God • Worldly Church directs humanity to the heavenly Church

  6. St. Francis of Assisi • Detached from the world • Mystical experience at age 22 • Mandate to rebuild the Church • Mendicant life style • 1210 visits Rome • Sets up Religious order • Stigmata

  7. Jan Hus • Critical of abuses • Claimed superiority of personal judgment over Church teaching • Denied Sacred Tradition and purgatory • Holy Roman Empire Sigismund had him executed as a heretic

  8. Erasamus of Rotterdam • Renowned Intellect of his time • Never criticized divine origins of Church • Critical of the way Church operated • Explored how Christians can be involved with worldly affairs • Praise of Folly

  9. Martin Luther • Born 1483 • Grew up in Eisleben, Germany • Masters of Arts, 1505 • Entered a monastery • Ordained a priest, 1507 • PhD in theology, 1513 • Professor at Wittenberg University

  10. Personality • Melancholy and introspective • How can we know for sure we’re saved? • Tormented by whether God loved him or not • Depressed? OCD? Paranoid?

  11. Doctrine of Justification • Agreed with the Church about Original Sin • Need Christ • “the justice of God” St. Paul • Not through our efforts, but through God’s unfathomable mercy

  12. Catholic Theology Luther’s Theology • Need Christ • Faith in Scripture* • Sacraments • Works (imitate Christ) • Need Christ • Faith in Scripture • *Interpreted correctly by Magisterium

  13. 95 Theses • 1514 • Luther writes series of arguments • Some objections theological • Others pertain to corruption • Hammers them onto Church doors

  14. The Holy Roman Empire • Series of confederated states • Holy Roman Empire often struggling to keep these states unified • Power struggles between Holy Roman Emperor, local rulers, and Pope

  15. Spread of Lutheranism • Translates his ideas into German • Pope Leo X preoccupied • In 1518 Leo summons Luther to Rome • Luther becomes more radical and attacks divine origins of the Church

  16. Diet of Worms • Gains momentum after 1518 • In 1521, Emperor Charles V, calls Luther to recant • Luther officially alienates from Church • Hidden in a castle in Watburg

  17. Beyond Luther • Theological and military fighting • 1555, Peace of Augsburg • Recognize both Lutheranism and Catholicism

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