1. The Immune System

2. Vocabulary! • Pathogen • Immune System • Mucous Membrane • Phagocytes • Spleen • Lymph Nodes • Antigen • Histamine • Autoimmune Disease

3. Slide of Human Blood • Draw all the different types of cells you see.

4. The Body’s Defense Systems

5. Nonspecific Defenses • A PATHOGEN is any agent that causes disease. • Nonspecific Defenses help protect the body against any pathogen regardless of the pathogen’s identity. • First Line of Defense—BARRIERS--- • The SKIN! If pathogens can’t enter the body they can’t infect us. • The skin also produces sweat and oils which are toxic to some pathogens. • MUCOUS MEMBRANES! Serve as a barrier for sensitive regions (eyes, nose,etc) and secrete sticky, mucus which traps many pathogens.

6. Nonspecific Immunity • If a pathogen gets past the skin or mucous membranes…it will stimulate an INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE • INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE: • Pathogen enters, chemical messengers called HISTAMINES are released, causing blood to flow to the injured area. This causes redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. • White blood cells (called phagocytes) are drawn to the Histamines and attack the pathogens that have entered the body. • Phagocytes ingest and destroy the pathogens.

7. Insert pictures of immune response

8. Insert real images of different white blood cells

9. Specific Defenses: Immune System • The IMMUNE SYSTEM are the cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body. • Immune System is comprised of white blood cells, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and adenoids. • Lymph Nodes located throughout the body contain Lymphocytes (white blood cells—B Cells or T cells) • The SPLEEN stores healthy blood cells, breaks down old red blood cells, makes new white blood cells.

10. Immune System Coloring

11. Recognizing Pathogens • An ANTIGEN is any substance that the immune system can recognize and react to, including pathogens. • When lymphocytes recognize a pathogen they bind to it and attack= IMMUNE RESPONSE • During an immune response the immune system also creates ‘memory cells’ which will ‘remember’ and be able to more quickly identify pathogens the next time they infect a body.

12. Crash Course Immune System

13. Problems of the Immune System

14. Allergies • An allergy is a physical response to an antigen • Histamines are released • Symptoms include: runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, itchy • ANTIHISTAMINES (Benadryl) can relieve the over-active symptoms

15. Asthma • Asthma (often triggered by allergies or illness) is a respiratory disorder in which the airways narrow.

16. Autoimmune Diseases • A disease that causes the immune system to attack itself is an AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. • Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which helper T cells (a type of white blood cell) attack the myelin sheath of nerve cells causing weakness, blurred vision, paralysis, and even death.

17. Brain Pop! HIV

18. Dreaded Red!

19. Frayer Diagram