1 / 26

World History: The Earth and its Peoples

World History: The Earth and its Peoples. Chapter 5 An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China 753 B.C.E. - 330 C.E. Objectives. Explain how the Roman and Han Empires came into being. Be able to describe the sources of their stability or instability.

chipo
Télécharger la présentation

World History: The Earth and its Peoples

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. World History:The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 5 An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China 753 B.C.E. - 330 C.E.

  2. Objectives • Explain how the Roman and Han Empires came into being. • Be able to describe the sources of their stability or instability. • Discuss the benefits and liabilities that these empires bring to the rulers and their subjects

  3. Rome and Han China Common Characteristics • largest empires world had seen • greater central control than earlier empires • greater cultural impact • remarkable stability

  4. Rome’s Mediterranean Empire Crossroads • Italian peninsula • Europe and Africa Natural Resources • ample, arable land • volcanic soil • timber and minerals • navigable rivers Support of a large population

  5. A Republic of Farmers Inhabitation by 1000 BCE • Romulus 753 BCE • Seven Hills • original Latins • Etruscans immigrants 700 BCE • Economy • agriculture and land • Politics • “Council of Elders” • seven kings of Rome • 753 - 507 BCE

  6. A Republic of Farmers • Roman Republic - 507-31 BCE • ruled by assemblies of wealthy male citizens • Roman Senate • real center of power; made laws • served for life • consuls Society • multi-generational family • paterfamilias • oldest-living male • hierarchical • patron/client relationship • mutual benefits and obligations

  7. A Republic of Farmers Women • child in eyes of the law • more freedom than Greeks • influence over husbands / son Religion • polytheistic • numina - invisible shapeless forces controlling nature • pax deorum • peace with the gods • diffusion with Greek gods

  8. Roman Expansion Early Roman Republic - 500 BC • Rome as ‘city-state’ • aggression or self-defense? • friction • pastoral tribes / agriculturalists • Romans serves as ‘protectors’ • Roman loyalty - 290 BCE • privileges of citizenship to conquered • military service • Carthage Wars - 264-202 BC • control of western Mediterranean Sea

  9. Punic Wars: Rome - Carthage

  10. Roman Expansion Eastern Mediterranean • Hellenistic (200-30 BCE) • Egypt and Greece Interior • Gaul (59-51 BCE) • Celts • Gaius Julius Caesar Administration • considerable autonomy to cooperative local elites • provincial governor from Senate • inadequate and corrupt Caesar

  11. Caesar’s Empire

  12. The Failure of the Republic Forces • military service for farmers • decline of independent farms • unemployment • decline in soldiers • mercenaries • war wealth of upper classes • rise in latifundia; cash crops • slave labor • loss of food supply • Civil War - 88 BCE - 31 BCE • allegiance to generals, not state

  13. The Failure of the Republic Octavian - 63 - 14 BCE • ends civil wars by 31 BCE • military dictator • offensive to defensive • Augustus • Roman Principate • “first among equals” • equites • wealthy merchants / landowners • civil service • Good Emperors • line of succession

  14. An Urban Empire Pax Romana • “Roman peace” • safety and stability Importance of trade • support for emperor & govt • rich interior provinces • Gaul and Egypt Romanization • spread of Latin language / Roman ways • citizenship • Before 212 CE: military service • After 212 CE: all free males

  15. Rome: 14 - 117 C.E.

  16. The Rise of Christianity Judea • Jewish homeland • Roman control by 6 CE • Jesus • personal faith and spirituality • Paul - (45 - 58 C.E.) • Jesus as Messiah (“anointed one” • benefits of citizenship to preach Disloyalty to Rome • refusal to worship emperor

  17. Spread of Christianity

  18. Roman Technology Aqueducts • road system • water conduits using gravity • arches • domes • concrete “Third-century crisis” • 235 - 284 C.E. • frequent change of rulers • coin devaluation • permeable frontiers • loss of trade revenues • exodus from city to country Aqueducts

  19. Roman Transformation Diocletian (284 - 305 C.E.) • government regulation • prices and vocations Constantine (306 - 337 C.E) • reunites entire empire • conversion to Christianity • Rome to Byzantium • Constantinople

  20. Diocletian’s Empire

  21. Origins of Imperial China, 221 BCE - 220 CE Warring-States Period • 1st empire under Qin • Shi Huangdi (221-206 BCE) • Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 CE) Resources • agriculture • free peasant taxes • human labor • public works projects • military service

  22. Hierarchy, Obedience, & Belief Family • all generations; ancestors • Values • Confucianism • obedience and proper conduct • Women • three submissions • parents, husband, son • live with husband’s family • Nature • nature spirits • feng shui

  23. Qin Dynasty Qin- 221 - 206 B.C.E. • Imperial Age • Shi Huangdi • “First Emperor” • totalitarianism • primogeniture • outlawed sole land inheritance • abolished slavery • standardization • coins, law code, writing • roads, canals, walls • unification of civilization

  24. The Long Reign of the Han Han - 206 BCE - 220 CE • replaces Qin • Legalism reform • Confucianism social order • Mandate of Heaven • Chang’an • capital of Early Han • model of urban planning • alignment with gentry • class below aristocrats • efficient and responsive • Confucian guide to government • civil service • Daoism • popular among commoners

  25. Han Dynasty

  26. Technology and Trade Metallurgy • poured versus pounded • Military • crossbow and cavalry • watermill • grindstone • horse collar Trade • silk as leading export Fall of Han • reform failure; corruption • nomad attacks; hungry peasants

More Related