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Guidance on the Auditory Presentation of Information

Guidance on the Auditory Presentation of Information. Wesley Waldner CMPT 817: Usability Engineering November 28, 2013. Context of Use. Analysis. Methodology. Design. Conclusion. Context of Use. Users Designers, Developers, Evaluators, Buyers Interactive systems

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Guidance on the Auditory Presentation of Information

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  1. Guidance on the Auditory Presentation of Information Wesley Waldner CMPT 817: Usability Engineering November 28, 2013

  2. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Context of Use • Users • Designers, Developers, Evaluators, Buyers • Interactive systems • Tools and style guides • Usefulness • Usability of the interactive system for the end-user • Help ensure adherence to existing principles

  3. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Sources • ISO 9241-112 Working Draft • Principles for the Presentation of Information • ISO 9241-125 Working Draft • Guidance on the Visual Presentation of Information

  4. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Sources • General Guidelines • Ahmad “Design for Auditory Displays” (2007) • Barrass “Auditory Information Design” (1997) • Non-Speech Audio • Blattner (1989) • Brewster (1994) • Sound Localization • Middlebrooks & Green (1991) • Warning Signals • Patterson (1982) • many more

  5. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Nature of Sound • The human factor • Sensation • Perception • Physical properties of sound • Uniqueness of the auditory modality • Masking • Distraction • Transience

  6. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Existing Guidance • This is not a new idea • Research to support existing guidelines • HCI, psychology, acoustics • Deal with conflicting results • Other modalities • Find analogies • Appropriateness of modality selection

  7. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Organize Findings • Tag each finding with keywords • Find natural groupings in results • Transform information into guidelines • Create a logical document structure • Always consider usability

  8. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Beyond the Scope • Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Systems • ISO 9241-154 • Useful speech-related principles • Music Theory • Western music • Twelve-tone equal temperament • Diatonicand chromatic

  9. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Guide Structure • General auditory presentation principles • Guidance related to different properties • Guidance related to different types of sound information • Speech • Non-speech • Warning Signals • Coding • Usability considerations

  10. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion When to Use • When to use audio • Short, simple messages • Time- or event-based information • Use of vision is limited • Visual information stream is saturated • Task requires continuous movement • When not to use audio • Long, complex messages • Information needs to be referred to often • As sole source of information unless user’s auditory engagement is guaranteed

  11. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion General Presentation Principles • Primary vs. Secondary Information Source • Detectability • Discriminability • Appropriateness • Consistency • Comprehensibility

  12. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion General Properties of Sound • Pitch • Intensity • Localization • Timbre • Spectrum • Envelope • Temporality • Duration • Rhythm

  13. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Speech • Voice Selection • Dialect • Appropriate Usage • Syllables • Vowels and Consonants • Authentic vs. Synthetic

  14. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Non-Speech Audio • Auditory Icons • Representative • Authentic vs. Synthetic • Earcons • Motives • Hierarchical • Syntax • Semantics • Dimensions of Coding • Learnability and Memorability

  15. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Warning Signals • Special case but commonly used • Frequencies • Fundamental frequency between 150 and 1000 Hz • Harmonics • Complex, but harmonic timbres • Distribution should depend on priority • Temporality • Code urgency with pulse rate • Staccato • General • Easily distinguishable from ambient noise

  16. Context of Use Analysis Methodology Design Conclusion Future Outlook • Guide is incomplete • Depth • Could benefit from usability testing • Already useful

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