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APA Reference Format

APA Reference Format. Textual Citations and References. Textual Citations. Use to indicate the author and date of your source Allow readers to locate source in the full reference list Put the author and date in parentheses with the period after

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APA Reference Format

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  1. APA Reference Format Textual Citations and References

  2. Textual Citations • Use to indicate the author and date of your source • Allow readers to locate source in the full reference list • Put the author and date in parentheses with the period after • To make an “informed” decision, consumers must be better educated and aware of the options available (McHughen, 2000). • Or use the author to introduce the information • Despite consumers’ concerns, Lusk and Sullivan (2002) found a more than 70% overall acceptance level of GM foods.

  3. Textual Citation forms • One work by one author • (Walker, 2000) • One work by multiple authors • (Lusk & Sullivan, 2002) • One work by two authors (Lusk & Sullivan, 2002) • Three to five authors • First: (Falk, Chassy, Harlander, Hoban, & Akhlaghi, 2002) • Subsequent: (Falk et al., 2002) • Six or more authors – (Miller et al., 2001)

  4. Textual Citation forms • Groups as authors • First: (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999) • Subsequent: (NIMH, 1999) • Specific parts of a source – use with direct quote • (Cheek & Buss, 1981, p. 332) • Specific parts of electronic source • (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5)

  5. Reference page • References cited in the text must appear on the reference page and vice versa • Reference data must be complete and correct • References not Bibliography • Author – date citation system • Alphabetical by author’s last name • Each entry is single spaced • Double space between each entry • Hanging indent

  6. References Andrews, J.C., & Shimp T.A. (1990). Effects of Involvement, Argument Strength, and Source Characteristics on Central and Peripheral Processing of Advertising. Psychology & Marketing, 7(3), 195-214. Baker, G., & Mazzocco, M. (2002, July). Consumer response to GMO foods: branding, certification, and consumer characteristics. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, Long Beach, CA. Food and Drug Administration. (2001, January). Guidance for industry: Voluntary labeling indicating whether foods have or have not been developed using bioengineering. Retrieved September 11, 2004, from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/biolabgu.htm

  7. Reference elements • Author • Year of publication (date) • Title • Publishing data • Each entry is unique

  8. Periodicals • Journal article • Article authors: Kozup, J., Burton, S., & Creyer, E. • Date of Publication: 2001 • Article title: A comparison of drinkers’ and nondrinkers’ responses to health-related information presented on wine beverage labels. • Periodical title and publication information: Journal of Consumer Policy, 24(2), 209-230.

  9. Periodicals – Journal article Kozup, J., Burton, S., & Creyer, E. (2001). A comparison of drinkers’ and nondrinkers’ responses to health-related information presented on wine beverage labels. Journal of Consumer Policy, 24(2), 209-230.

  10. Periodicals • Magazine article Kandel, E.R., & Sqire, L.R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 1113-1120. • Newspaper article, no author New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12. Textual citation: (‘New drug,” 1993)

  11. Books • Entire book • Mitchell, T.R., & Larson, J.R., Jr. (1987). People in organizations: An introduction to organizational behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

  12. Unpublished Work • Personal communication • E-mail, letters, memos, personal interviews, telephone conversations • Textual citation only • (T.K. Lutes, personal communication, April 18, 2001) • According to C. A. Wimmer (personal communication, February 1, 2005), …

  13. Electronic Media • Author and date • Fredrickson, B.L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html • No author • Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology (2001, March). Public sentiment about genetically modified food: Summary of findings. Retrieved October 28, 2003, from http://pewagbiotech.org/research/gmfood/survey3-01.pdf • No date, no author • United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). Arkansas QuickFacts. Retrieved May 6, 2004, from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/05000.html

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